PART I: LOOKING AT DATA Looking at Data-Distributions Data-Relationships Producing Data II: PROBABILITY AND INFERENCE Probability: The Study of Randomness Sampling Distributions Introduction to Inference for Proportions III: TOPICS IN Analysis Two-Way Tables Regression Multiple One-Way Variance Additional chapters available on the CD-ROM and online: Logistic Nonparametric Tests Bootstrap Methods Permutation Statistics Quality: Control Capability

Macrophage phenotype can be characterized as proinflammatory (M1) or immunomodulatory and tissue remodeling (M2). The present study used a rat model to determine the macrophage at site of implantation two biologic scaffolds that were derived from porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) differed mainly according their method processing: Restore device CuffPatch (carbodiimide crosslinked form porcine-derived SIS (CDI-SIS)). An autologous graft was control implant. Immunohistologic methods...

We developed a computer-stored medical record system containing limited set of the total clinical data base—primarily diagnostic studies and treatments. This responds to its own content according physician-authored reminder rules. To determine effect messages generated by 1490 rules on physician behavior, we randomly assigned practitioners in general medicine clinic study or control groups. The computer found indications for six different actions per patient 12 467 patients during 2-year...

Objective To identify canine and household characteristics associated with relinquishment of a pet dog to an animal shelter. Design Case-control study. Sample Population Households that relinquished dogs for adoption (case households) random sample current dog-owning households in the same community (control households). Results Potentially modifiable factors explained highest proportion were owners not participating obedience classes after acquisition, lack veterinary care, owning sexually...

Background: Biologic scaffold materials prepared from extracellular matrix are currently available for the surgical repair of damaged or missing musculotendinous tissue. These scaffolds differ in their species and tissue origin, methods processing, terminal sterilization. The purpose present study was to evaluate host-tissue morphologic response five commercially matrix-derived biologic used orthopaedic soft-tissue a rodent model. Methods: One hundred twenty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were...

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TE&RM) approaches to treating liver disease have the potential provide temporary support with biohybrid-liver-assist devices or long-term therapy by replacing diseased functional constructs. A rate-limiting step for TE&RM strategies has been loss of hepatocyte-specific functions after hepatocytes are isolated from their highly specialized in vivo microenvironment placed vitro culture systems. The identification a biologic substrate that can...

Adolescence is a time for rapid growth that represents an opportunity to influence peak bone mass. Prebiotic agents, such as galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), increase Ca absorption in animal models and postmenopausal women. The objectives of the present study were investigate dose–response relationship GOS supplementation on during assess changes colonic microbiota better understand mechanism by which acting. A total thirty-one healthy adolescent girls aged 10–13 years consumed smoothie...

Abstract Increasing peak bone mineral density (BMD) or content (BMC) in young women may help to reduce the incidence of osteoporosis. Identifying age when is attained essential develop strategies aimed at optimizing BMD and BMC. Total body (TBBMD) (TBBMC) were measured by a dual X-ray absorptiometer healthy females (n = 247, aged 11–32 years). TBBMD TBBMC modeled separately as nonlinear function age. By 22.1 ± 2.5 years, 99% attained, 26.2 3.7 BMC attained. Nonlinear relationships between...

Objective: Relationships between micronutrients and dairy product intake changes in body weight composition over two years were investigated.Design: Two year prospective non-concurrent analysis of the effect calcium on during a exercise intervention.Subjects: 54 normal young women, 18 to 31 age.Measures Outcome: Mean intakes nutrients interest determined from three-day diet records completed at baseline every six months for years. The change total (assessed by dual x-ray absorptiometry) was...

Objective To identify feline and household characteristics associated with relinquishment of a pet cat to an animal shelter. Design Case-control study. Sample Population Households that relinquished cats for adoption (case households) random sample current cat-owning households in the same community (control households). Results Potentially modifiable risk factors highest population attributable were owners having specific expectations about cat's role household, allowing outdoors, owning...

One of the often-stated goals principal component analysis is to reduce into a low-dimensional space most essential information contained in high-dimensional space. According several reasonable criteria, components do this optimally. From practical point view, however, suffer from disadvantage that each linear combination all original variables. Thus interpretation results and possible subsequent data collection still involve An alternative approach select subset variables contain, some...

Galactooligosaccharides (GOS), prebiotic nondigestible oligosaccharides derived from lactose, have the potential for improving mineral balance and bone properties. This study examined dose–response effect of GOS supplementation on calcium magnesium absorption, retention, properties, gut microbiota in growing rats. Seventy-five 4-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized into one five treatment groups (n = 15/group) fed a diet containing 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8% by weight 8 weeks. Dietary...

Soluble maize fibre (SCF) has been found to significantly improve bone mineral density and strength in growing rats compared with several other novel prebiotic fibres. The objective of the present study was investigate effect SCF on Ca absorption retention pubertal children by studying potential mechanisms intestinal microbiota. A total twenty-four adolescent boys girls (12–15 years) participated two 3-week metabolic balance studies testing 0 g/d (control (CON) treatment) 12 (SCF a random...