Abstract Cartilaginous implants for potential use in reconstructive or orthopedic surgery were created using chondrocytes grown on synthetic, biodegradable polymer scaffolds. Chondrocytes isolated from bovine human articular costal cartilage cultured fibrous polyglycolic acid (PGA) and porous poly(L)lactic (PLLA) used parallel vitro vivo studies. Samples taken at timed intervals assessment of cell number matrix (sulfated glycosaminoglycan [S‐GAG], collagen). The secreted to fill the void...

The major challenge of tissue engineering is directing the cells to establish physiological structure and function being replaced across different hierarchical scales. To engineer myocardium, biophysical regulation needs recapitulate multiple signals present in native heart. We hypothesized that excitation–contraction coupling, critical for development a normal heart, determines engineered myocardium. induce synchronous contractions cultured cardiac constructs, we applied electrical designed...

Cartilaginous constructs have been grown in vitro with use of isolated cells, biodegradable polymer scaffolds, and bioreactors. In the present work, relationships between composition mechanical properties engineered cartilage were studied by culturing bovine calf articular chondrocytes on fibrous polyglycolic acid scaffolds (5 mm diameter, 2-mm thick, 97% porous) three different environments: static flasks, mixed rotating vessels. After 6 weeks cultivation, composition, morphology, function...

Abstract Cell seeding of three‐dimensional polymer scaffolds is the first step cultivation engineered tissues in bioreactors. Seeding requirements large to make implants for potential clinical use include: (a) high yield, maximize utilization donor cells, (b) kinetic rate, minimize time suspension anchorage‐dependent and shear‐sensitive (c) spatially uniform distribution attached rapid tissue regeneration. Highly porous, fibrous polyglycolic acid scaffolds, 5–10 mm diameter 2–5 thick, were...

Cardiac tissue engineering has been motivated by the need to create functional equivalents for scientific studies and cardiac repair. We previously demonstrated that contractile cell-polymer constructs can be cultivated using isolated cells, 3-dimensional scaffolds, bioreactors. In present work, we examined effects of (1) cell source (neonatal rat or embryonic chick), (2) initial seeding density, (3) vessel, (4) culture vessel on structure composition engineered muscle. Constructs seeded...

Tissue engineering of cartilage, i.e., the in vitro cultivation cartilage cells on synthetic polymer scaffolds, was studied Mir Space Station and Earth. Specifically, three-dimensional cell-polymer constructs consisting bovine articular chondrocytes polyglycolic acid scaffolds were grown rotating bioreactors, first for 3 months Earth then an additional 4 either (10 −4 –10 −6 g ) or (1 ). This mission provided a unique opportunity to study feasibility long-term cell culture flight experiments...

Abstract Cartilage implants which could potentially be used to resurface damaged joints were created using rabbit articular chondrocytes and synthetic, biodegradable polymer scaffolds. Cells serially passaged then cultured in vivo on fibrous polyglycolic acid (PGA) Cell‐PGA constructs implanted as allografts repair 3‐mm diameter, full thickness defects the knee of adult rabbits, cartilage was assessed histologically over 6 months. In vitro , proliferated PGA regenerated cartilaginous matrix....

We report that the functional assembly of engineered cardiac muscle can be enhanced by oxygen supply provided mechanisms resembling those in normal vascularized tissues. To mimic capillary network, cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts isolated from neonatal rat hearts were cultured on a highly porous elastomer with parallel array channels perfused culture medium. hemoglobin, medium was supplemented perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsion; constructs unsupplemented served as controls. In PFC-supplemented...

The objective of this study was to establish a three-dimensional (3-D) in vitro model system cardiac muscle for electrophysiological studies. Primary neonatal rat ventricular cells containing lower or higher fractions myocytes were cultured on polymeric scaffolds bioreactors form regular enriched constructs, respectively. After 1 wk, all constructs contained peripheral tissue-like region (50–70 μm thick) which differentiated organized multiple layers 3-D configuration. Indexes cell size...

We hypothesized that functional constructs with physiological cell densities can be engineered in vitro by mimicking convective-diffusive oxygen transport normally present vivo. To test this hypothesis, we designed an culture system maintains efficient supply to the cells at all times during seeding and construct cultivation characterized detail metabolism, structure, function. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes suspended Matrigel were cultured on collagen sponges a high initial density (1.35 x...

Cardiac muscle with a certain threshold thickness, uniformity of tissue architecture, and functionality would expand the therapeutic options currently available to patients congenital or acquired cardiac defects. constructs cultured in well-mixed medium had an approximately 100-microm-thick peripheral tissue-like region around relatively cell-free interior, structure consistent presence concentration gradients within tissue. We hypothesized that direct perfusion can reduce diffusional...

Abstract Objective To test the hypothesis that engineered cartilage can provide a mechanically functional template capable of undergoing orderly remodeling during repair large osteochondral defects in adult rabbits, as assessed by quantitative structural and methods. Methods Engineered generated vitro from chondrocytes cultured on biodegradable scaffold was sutured to subchondral support resulting composite press‐fitted into 7‐mm long, 5‐mm wide, deep defect rabbit knee joint. Defects left...

Abstract Tissue engineering of 1‐ to 5‐mm‐thick, functional constructs based on cells that cannot tolerate hypoxia for prolonged time periods (e.g., cardiac myocytes) critically depends our ability seed the at a high and spatially uniform initial density maintain their viability function. We hypothesized rapid gel–cell inoculation in conjunction with direct medium perfusion through seeded scaffold would increase rate, yield, viability, uniformity cell seeding. Two types were studied:...

Cartilage tissue engineering can provide functional cartilaginous constructs that be used for controlled in vitro studies of chondrogenesis and potentially vivo articular cartilage repair. Ideally, engineered should indistinguishable from native with respect to zonal organization, biochemical composition, mechanical properties. In the model system presented here, chondrogenic cells are expanded as required, seeded onto three-dimensional polymeric scaffolds, cultured bioreactor vessels....

The primary aim of this study was to relate molecular and structural properties in vitro reconstructed cardiac muscle with its electrophysiological function using an model system based on neonatal rat myocytes, three-dimensional polymeric scaffolds, bioreactors. After 1 wk cultivation, we found that engineered contained a 120- 160-μm-thick peripheral region myocytes were electrically connected through gap junctions sustained macroscopically continuous impulse propagation over distance 5 mm....