We have observed linear ‘‘crystals’’ of up to tens laser-cooled 199Hg+ ions in a rf ion trap. The trap operates at liquid-He temperature and is designed for use as prototype 40.5 GHz frequency standard with high accuracy stability.

Abstract Current fluorescent nanoparticles-based tracer sensing techniques for oilfield applications suffer from insufficient sensitivity, with the detection limit typically at several hundred ppm level in untreated oil/water mixtures, which is mainly caused by interference of background fluorescence organic residues crude oil under constant external excitation. Here we report use a persistent luminescence phenomenon, enables an excitation-free and thus fluorescence-free measurement...

Composite magnetic nanoparticles are designed and synthesized with different morphologies as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates or SERS-active particles. Through the incorporation of a functionality, we provide means to concentrate in low-volume microfluidic channel where detected entity is now either flowing analyte (e.g., tracer chemical) particles contained target reservoir fluid. This collection strategy allows for detection using small amounts material can be optimized...

We use terahertz transmission through limestone sedimentary rock samples to assess the macro and micro porosity. exploit notable water absorption in spectrum interact with pores that are two orders of magnitude smaller (<1μm) than wavelength. Terahertz sensitivity provides us dehydration profile samples. The results show there is a linear correlation between such ratio porosity rock. Furthermore, this study estimates absolute value total based on optical diffusion theory. compare our mercury...

Abstract We are developing an integrated, real-time system for deploying Advanced Tracers cost-effectively in a ubiquitous and potentially long-term way. This campaign is the sake of increasing oil recovery factor large waterflooded reservoirs through improved optimization water injection production. paper explains key features this novel reports main results from ongoing field test our second-generation tracer material detection methodology. Existing inter-well tracers require elaborate...

Abstract Interwell tracers have been shown to provide invaluable information about reservoir dynamics, well connectivity, and fluid flow allocations. However, tracer tests are often applied sporadically because their immediate returns of investments not readily apparent a resource-holder. Here, we rigorously demonstrate that data can indeed improve history matching, and, more importantly, future production, using simulations on benchmark problems. Sensitivity studies the limitations also...

Environmental tracing applications require materials that can be detected in complex fluids composed of multiple phases and contaminants. Moreover, large libraries tracers are necessary order to mitigate memory effects deploy simultaneously oil fields. Herein, we disclose a novel approach based on the thermal decomposition polymeric nanoparticles comprised styrenic methacrylic monomers. Polymeric derived from these monomers cleanly decompose into their constituent at elevated temperatures,...

Abstract Objectives/Scope A novel barcoded advanced tracers system has been developed and field-validated in a hydrocarbon reservoir. With detection scheme that supports automation, this cost-effective is designed to enable potentially ubiquitous long-term full-field injections the interest of using high fidelity tracer data increase oil recovery factor through improved optimization water injection production. Methods, Procedures, Process Our Advanced Tracers uses real-time chromatographic...

Summary Drill cuttings logging (mud logging) is a technology with great potential to deliver formation evaluation and completion efficiency. However, the conventional mud determines cutting sample depth using lag time of cutting’s return trip, which results in uncertainties ±20 ft or more. We previously proposed tag at bit face penetrating, impregnating polymeric NanoTags determine cuttings’ NanoTag’s downward trip time, could reduce ±1–2 ft. The first field test generation was completed...

Mud logging is frequently performed during oil and gas operations for determining the position of hydrocarbons accurately assessing geophysical properties formation based on study returned drill cuttings. The successful application an advanced mud analysis depends accurate determination depth where cuttings were generated. We have envisioned improved accuracy cuttings' assignment via labeling with barcoded polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) when they are generated at bit. However, detection NPs...

Within the petrochemical industry, accurate measurement of microporosity and its distribution within core samples, particularly those from carbonate reservoirs, has garnered intense interest because studies have suggested that following primary secondary depletion, a majority residual bypassed oil may reside in these porosities. Ideally, would be determined accurately, quickly, efficiently. Imaging techniques are commonly used to characterize porosity pores but characterization can...

Abstract Downhole nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements are evolving into a powerful formation evaluation tool, providing unique and critical information including porosity, pore-size distributions, bound-fluid volume (BFV), free-fluid (FFV), permeability, fluid properties. Obtaining this while drilling can have significant impact on completion decisions. In addition, low rates of penetration common in many environments be advantageous improving the NMR measurement statistics. This...

Abstract Full field inter well tracer programs have become more and ubiquitous for effective reservoir surveillance. Novel materials with much higher detectability lower costs been actively screened. One of the biggest challenges in deploying novel material types, however, is their elevated irreversible retention to rocks. Herein we benchmarked traditional chemicals then sensitivity ever-increasing that might be associated unconventional materials. Using field-scale simulations a...

Polymer transport in porous media controls many important industrial and technological applications. Using molecular simulations with fully coupled hydrodynamic interactions, we have previously studied the dynamics of polymers flowing through purely repulsive model media. The most prominent observation is emerging slow for collapsed at low flow rate, where polymer controlled by a globule–stretch transition pore throats. In this work, extend our previous work including wetting effect, i.e.,...

Compact measures of the local accuracy a wavefunction are proposed. They defined in terms reduced energy. These compact applied to examine different regions configuration space for some well known Hartree-Fock wavefunctions from helium through argon.

Using hydrodynamic simulations, we study the single polymers flowing through model porous media (close-packed colloidal crystal). In good solvent or high flow rates, polymer transport is similar to gel electrophoresis, with size-dependent sieving for ${L}_{c}/L\ensuremath{\lesssim}1$ and size-independent biased reptation ${L}_{c}/L\ensuremath{\gtrsim}1$ (${L}_{c}$ contour length $L$ diameter of colloids forming media). Importantly, in bad low show an extra window velocity...

Abstract Mud logging is a technology with great potential for evaluating formations, but subpar accuracy in depth assignment cuttings. We have demonstrated the feasibility of pumping styrenic nanoparticles (NanoTags) into drilling mud and labelling drill cuttings improved assessment.1 Over years, we developed several generations new tags2-5 that minimum accumulation require fewer steps sample preparation before detection, thus promising solution in-field tag detection. Here report evolution...

Abstract For several years, there has been an interest in responsive "NanoProbes," which, when injected along with waterflooding could sense reservoir properties locally the trajectories they follow from injector to producer wells, giving a low-cost and very deep formation evaluation upon being collected, evaluated, interpreted respect injection point, arrival timings. Here, we introduce these novel "dual-mode" NanoProbe tracers, which can undergo chemical transformations encountering target...

Abstract Interwell tracers are powerful reservoir surveillance tools that provide direct flow paths and dynamics, which, when integrated with near real-time production optimization, can greatly improve recovery factor, return on investment, the so-called "Advanced Tracers System" (ATS). Applying full field ATS is attractive for resource-holders, especially those large waterflood operations. However, to scale up cover fields potentially tens hundreds of injectors producers, required unique...