Several lines of evidence have implicated the existence brain's default network during passive or undirected mental states. Nevertheless, results on emergence in very young pediatric subjects are lacking. Using resting functional magnetic resonance imaging healthy between 2 weeks and years age, we describe temporal evolution a critical, previously unstudied, period early human brain development. Our demonstrate that primitive incomplete is present 2-week-olds, followed by marked increase...

The present study of older adults used structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships between 3 executive processes underlying function (EF) (inhibition, task switching, updating in working memory), and 2 types instrumental activities daily living (IADLs) (self-report, performance based). Experimental tasks attention self-report or performance-based IADL tests were administered create latent constructs EF IADLs. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was construct validity This...

The mature brain features high wiring efficiency for information transfer. However, the emerging process of such an efficient topology remains elusive. With resting state functional MRI and a large cohort normal pediatric subjects (n = 147) imaged during critical time period development, 3 wk- to 2 yr-old, temporal spatial evolution network is revealed. possesses small world immediately after birth, followed by remarkable improvement in whole 1 yr olds becomes more stable olds. Regional...

Abstract Neuroscientific research has established that the hippocampal formation, a structure within medial temporal lobe (MTL), plays critical role in memory for facts and events (declarative memory) (Milner et al., 1998 ). However, its precise remains unclear. According to one view, hippocampus special relating or binding together previously unrelated pieces of information, while another view proposes is equally involved all forms declarative memory, regardless their demands on relational...

Researchers who collect multivariate time-series data across individuals must decide whether to model the dynamic processes at individual level or group level. A recent innovation, iterative multiple estimation (GIMME), offers one solution this dichotomy by identifying group-level models in a data-driven manner while also reliably recovering individual-level patterns of effects. GIMME is unique that it does not assume homogeneity terms weights temporal However, can be difficult make...

Neuroscientific research has shown that the hippocampus is important for binding or linking together various components of a learning event into an integrated memory. In prior study, we demonstrated anterior involved in memory relations among informational elements to greater extent it individual (Giovanello et al., 2004. Hippocampus 14:5-8). current extend those findings by further specifying role during relational retrieval. Specifically, hippocampal activity was observed flexible...

Previous research has demonstrated that sport-related concussions can have short-term effects on cognitive processes, but the long-term consequences are less understood and warrant more research. This study was first to use event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) examine differences in neural activity during memory tasks former athletes who sustained multiple concussions. In an fMRI study, football players reporting (i.e., three or more) were compared with reported fewer...

Abstract Neuroimaging studies of episodic memory in young adults demonstrate greater functional neural activity ventrolateral pFC and hippocampus during retrieval relational information as compared with item information. We tested the hypothesis that healthy older adults—individuals who exhibit behavioral declines memory—would show reduced specificity prefrontal hippocampal regions retrieval. At study, participants viewed two nouns were instructed to covertly generate a sentence related...

Older adults typically show poor associative memory performance relative to younger adults. This age-related effect, however, is mediated by the meaningfulness of materials used, such that age differences are minimized with use information consistent prior knowledge. While this effect has been interpreted as facilitative learning through schematic support, role retrieval on yet be explored. Using an paradigm varied extent controlled for previously studied meaningful or arbitrary...

Trajectories of cognitive decline vary considerably among individuals with mild impairment (MCI). To address this heterogeneity, subtyping approaches have been developed, the objective identifying more homogeneous subgroups. date, MCI has based primarily on measures, often resulting in indistinct boundaries between subgroups and limited validity. Here, we introduce a method for solely upon brain atrophy. We train deep learning model to differentiate Alzheimer's disease (AD) cognitively...

Abstract Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is often considered the precursor of Alzheimer’s disease. However, MCI associated with substantially variable progression rates, which are not well understood. Attempts to identify mechanisms that underlie have focused on hippocampus but mostly overlooked its intricate structure and subdivisions. Here, we utilized deep learning delineate contribution hippocampal subfields progression. We propose a dense convolutional neural network architecture...

Layer-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a promising yet challenging approach for investigating layer-specific connectivity (FC). Achieving brain-wide mapping of FC requires several technical advancements, including sub-millimeter spatial resolution, sufficient temporal sensitivity, global brain coverage, and high specificity. Although gradient echo (GE)–based planar (EPI) commonly used rapid fMRI acquisition, it faces significant challenges due to the draining-vein...

Older adults tend to retrieve autobiographical information that is overly general (i.e., not restricted a single event, termed the overgenerality effect) relative young adults' specific memories. A vast majority of studies have reported effects explicitly instruct participants memories, thereby requiring maintain task goals, inhibit inappropriate responses, and control their memory search. Since these processes are impaired in healthy ageing, it important determine whether such instructions...

Autobiographical memories are characterised by a range of emotions and emotional reactions. Recent research has demonstrated that differences in valence (positive vs. negative emotion) arousal (the degree intensity) differentially influence the retrieved memory narrative. Although mnemonic effects have both been heavily studied, it is currently unclear whether equivalent for positive autobiographical events. In current study, multilevel models were used to examine differential on richness...

Recent evidence demonstrates remarkable overlap in the neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying episodic memory, future thinking, counterfactual thinking. However, extent to which phenomenological characteristics associated with these mental simulations change as a result of ageing remains largely unexplored. The current study employs adapted versions Memory Characteristics Questionnaire Autobiographical Interview compare both positive negative past, future, younger older adults....