Spain is one of the largest wine producers in world, with Extremadura (south-west Spain) being its second-largest producing region after Castilla La Mancha. Within Extremadura, most traditional and productive viticulture Tierra de Barros, which boasts an annual production 3×106 litres. However, no soil erosion assessment has been undertaken any vineyard to ascertain environmental sustainability. Therefore, Improved Stock Unearthing Method (ISUM) Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE)...

To determine which interpolation technique is the most suitable for each case study an essential task a correct soil mapping, particularly in studies performed at regional scale. So, our main goal was to identify accurate method mapping 12 variables three different depth intervals: 0–5, 5–10 and >10 cm. For doing that, we have compared nine methods (deterministic geostatistical), drawing maps of Spanish region Extremadura (41,635 km2 size) from more than 400 sampling sites total (e.g.,...

Abstract Around 70% of surface in Extremadura, Spain, faces a critical risk degradation processes, highlighting the necessity for regional-scale soil property mapping to monitor trends. This study aimed generate most reliable maps, employing accurate methods each case. To achieve this, six different machine learning (ML) techniques were tested map nine properties across three depth intervals (0–5, 5–10 and > 10 cm). Additionally, 22 environmental covariates utilized as inputs model...

Extremadura is the region that stores greatest amount of fresh water in Spain. Such mainly used for power generation, irrigation agriculture, biodiversity conservation, tourism, recreation, and human livestock consumption. Nevertheless, crucial information on total number bodies their geometrical characteristics spatial distribution patterns are still missing. Thus, our main goal was to characterize Extremenian geometrically spatially through different statistical techniques such as kernel...

Abstract Acquiring comprehensive insights into soil properties at various spatial scales is paramount for effective land management, especially within small catchment areas that often serve as vital pastured landscapes. These regions, characterized by the intricate interplay of agroforestry systems and livestock grazing, face a pressing challenge: mitigating degradation while optimizing productivity. This study aimed to analyze distribution eight topsoil (0–5 cm) (clay, silt, sand, pH,...

Water is a key strategic resource, particularly in Mediterranean climate-type areas with impermeable rocks and shallow soils like Southwestern Spain. The region of Extremadura commonly known by its large surface occupied big dams (30% water dammed Spain) although this theoretical abundance does not hide other problems use. In study, we have interviewed 132 people from the municipality Arroyo de San Serván order to know what related use are, especially those that concern local most. Regarding...

Monitoring soil erosion processes and measuring water yields allow supplying key information to achieve land degradation neutrality challenges. Vineyards are one of the most affected agricultural territories by due human natural factors. However, spatial variability erosion, number sampling points, plot size necessary estimate accurate rates remains unclear. In this research, we determine how many inter-rows should be surveyed mobilization in viticulture area Tierra de Barros (Extremadura,...

Abstract Chestnut cultivation is a type of traditional centennial exploitation in southern areas Extremadura. Currently, chestnut danger extinction due to the effects climate change, some diseases ( e.g. Cryphonectria parasitica ) and land mismanagement. The high temporal variability rainfall leads soil erosion cultivation. New forms management are proposed try, among other things, reduce losses. This study quantifies losses under tree canopies open considering two different age plantations;...

The composition and functionality of soil bacterial communities, as well their responses to multiple perturbations, are not understood in the terrestrial ecosystems. Our study focuses on community erosive poorly developed soils (Haplic Leptosols) Mediterranean rangelands Extremadura (W Spain) with different intensities grazing. Leptosols from similar natural conditions were selected sampled at two depths determine properties structure functioning communities. As grazing intensified, C N...

The main goal of this study was to identify the problems that are putting viability watering ponds at risk. For doing that, we have analyzed five different cases: (I) livestock consumption, Mediterranean climate (rangelands SW Spain), (II) multifunctional (Arroyo de la Luz, (III) ecotourism (Valdepajares Tajo, (IV) crop irrigation and fish farming, semi-arid (the wilaya Ouargla, Algeria), (V) humid subtropical (Prudentópolis, Brazil). identification made through surveys, personal interviews,...

The drawing of maps soil quality at a large scale is increasingly being more useful to land planners and stakeholders. Nevertheless, it involves different methodological steps from the description profiles in field until regional mapping integrative index (IQI) values. development proper scoring functions paramount task for calculation these IQI values since every parameter needs be standardized accordingly weighting factors are usually estimated by [...]

The Spanish region of Extremadura represents a paradigmatic case within the European Union because above 30% its territory (41,634 km2) is protected by international, national or regional figures protection. In addition, many these areas are connected between them through so-called Armorican Arch Cáceres which crosses from SE to NW as if it were natural corridor quartzite ridges. main goal this study was identify tourist resources in aimed at design routes that can suppose an opportunity...

Abstract Grazing activities occupy the largest land surface, making their management crucial for addressing key issues related to sustainability of agroecosystems. This study seeks identify influence grazing intensity and vegetation cover on spatial distribution soil properties in a farm located dehesa ecosystem (SW, Spain). To achieve this, 144 samples were collected at 0–5 5–10 cm depths across six classes (GIC) defined by current canopy. Leveraging 25 environmental covariates, five...

Forests, including their soils, play an important role since they represent a large reservoir of biodiversity. Current studies show that the diversity soil fauna provides multiple ecosystem functions and services across biomes. However, anthropogenic practices often pose threat to because changes in land use mismanagement. In these terms, rangelands southwest Spain present several problems degradation related livestock activity erosion, intensity which compromises fauna’s ecosystem....

Desde el inicio del siglo XXI, la población rural de muchos municipios España ha disminuido considerablemente. Este fenómeno demográfico, conocido como vaciada, se considera ampliamente un motor abandono tierras. El objetivo principal este estudio fue, por tanto, analizar espacialmente fenómeno, comparando los datos actuales sobre variables total, uso/cubierta suelo, número animales ganadería y incendios forestales con obtenidos hace dos décadas, para comprobar si tierras (el cese las...

espanolEspana es un pais dominado mayoritariamente por clima de tipo mediterraneo, donde los veranos secos anuales se alternan con periodos largos ocasionales sequia pluviometrica. Esta irregularidad en el regimen precipitaciones ha generado graves problemas socioeconomicos a lo largo la historia, debido al peso que sector agrario tenido, y tiene, muchas regiones del pais. Aqui presentan algunas maneras las ido adaptando esta limitacion ambiental diferentes escalas (gobierno, region finca),...

Gully erosion in valley bottoms is a frequent process with negative consequences the dehesa environment. Soil loss, decrease of soil and descend biomass are among aftereffect gully processes. Studies conducted agrosilvopastoral systems described dynamics gullied channels by means fixed topographic cross sections or low spatial resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). Currently, high temporal DEMs can be produced spatially distributed information due to development new systems, platforms...