We describe a novel application of the fluorescent compound calcein (Bis[N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)aminomethyl]-fluorescein), which was used to fluorescently label foraminiferal calcite. Foraminifers that were incubated in 10 mg L−1 solution and seawater precipitated normal-looking chambers during after incubation, lasted up three weeks. The survival rate specimens similar control specimens; some reproduced or exposure. Thus, this calcein-tagging method is non-lethal. Chambers incubation...

Relationships within the angiosperm order Apiales have long been difficult to interpret. Traditionally, comprised two families, Apiaceae and Araliaceae. Recent studies, however, suggest three additional lineages should also be recognized in (Pittosporaceae plus tribes segregated from Araliaceae, Mackinlayeae Myodocarpeae), that one taxon (Apiaceae subfamily Hydrocotyloideae) is polyphyletic. Nuclear data support placement of five enigmatic genera (Aralidium, Griselinia, Melanophylla,...

Despite the long history of recognising angiosperm order Apiales as a natural alliance, circumscription and relationships among its constituent groups have been troublesome. Recent studies, however, made great progress in understanding phylo- genetic Apiales. Although much this recent work has based on molecular data, results are congruent with other sources including morphology geography. A unified picture now emerged regarding delimitation Apiales, which includes core group four families...

Paraphyletic species Telopea 6(4): 813-844.We present evidence, mainly from plants, that many recognised and subspecies are paraphyletic.Whilst some cladists have argued like other taxa, should be monophyletic, it is clear even either implicitly or explicitly recognise nonmonophyletic species.Moreover, concepts such as the phylogenetic concept composite predict non-monophyly of species.Whenever a monophyletic circumscribed, possible paraphyletic meta phyletic 'residual' simultaneously...

We present an apparatus and procedure for culturing deep‐sea (i.e., bathyal) benthic foraminifera under physicochemically constrained conditions. A 1600‐L recirculating culture system was constructed to contribute negligible trace metal contamination; the housed in environmental room maintained near situ temperatures but at atmospheric pressure. Peristaltic pumps continuously circulated 3 mL seawater min −1 from reservoir 9 12 chambers. 2‐mm‐thick layer of high‐purity clay‐sized silica...

Abstract Laboratory cultures of several species benthic foraminifera were grown under controlled physical and chemical conditions during months-long experiments carried out at the University South Carolina in 2001 2002. A dozen experimental culture chambers contained a c . 1–3 mm layer trace-metal free silica substrate, continuously flushed with water from large (1600 L) seawater reservoir known, constant temperature composition (δ 18 O(water), carbonate system chemistry, trace element...

Gastrolobium (Fabaceae: Mirbelieae) is an endemic Australian genus that produces toxic sodium monofluoroacetate. A phylogenetic reconstruction of and the related genera Brachysema, Callistachys, Jansonia, Nemcia, Oxylobium, Podolobium presented, using sequence data from three regions-the psbA-trnH intergenic spacer trnK 5' intron chloroplast DNA 3' end external transcribed (ETS) nuclear ribosomal DNA. shown to be paraphyletic, with Oxylobium lineare nesting within it, Nemcia polyphyletic...

Pittosporaceae are a small family of flowering plants largely restricted to Australia, and entirely limited the paleotropics. Two independent molecular datasets have been constructed with representative sample from all nine genera test phylogenetic relationships suggested by recent morphological studies examine current delimitations genera. DNA sequence data derived ITS region nuclear rDNA trnL–trnF chloroplast genome agree in uniting species sampled Pittosporum within single clade, together...

A taxonomic revision with full descriptions and key are presented for the 109 known species of Gastrolobium, including 29 new described here first time. Brachysema, Jansonia Nemcia formally placed into Gastrolobium combinations have been made where necessary. Included in all species, synonymies, literature references original publications, typification, selection lectotypes necessary, distributions complete maps, nomenclatural notes. New taxa herein G. acrocaroli, aculeatum, alternifolium,...

Daviesia is a clade of scleromorphic shrubs that are endemic to Australia and its near offshore islands, where it the largest genus Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae, with 131 species recognised here. The distributed throughout continent occurs in all major habitats except wetlands, rainforest alpine zone. This first monograph published since Bentham’s 1864, which included only 55 species. New taxa described herein D. divaricata subsp. lanulosa, filipes terminalis, subulata, schwarzenegger...

Pittosporum (Pittosporaceae, Apiales), an attractive genus of horticulturally important trees and shrubs, is revised for Malesia (Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei Darussalam, the Philippines, Timor-Leste) Papuasia (Papua Barat (Indonesia), Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands). In this report, 52 species are recognised, including many reinstated from synonymy. Three taxa raised to rank (P. owenstanleyense, P. patelliplacenta purpurascens), one a new combination in impressum), four...

Abstract Assignment of the enigmatic Australian genus Emblingia to a particular family or order has been difficult. Informative morphological characters have not as yet found place conclusively into family, though it does share number attributes with Capparaceae and Resedaceae. As result, in past put various families (Capparaceae, Sapindaceae, Goodeniaceae Polygalaceae), representing orders, well its own Emblingiaceae. The current molecular study, using rbc L, shows strong support for...

Abstract The Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA gene ( SSU rDNA ) is a widely used tool to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among foraminiferal species. Recently, the highly variable regions of this have been proposed as DNA barcodes identify However, resolution these has not well established, yet. In study, we evaluate four hypervariable (37/f, 41/f, 43/e, and 45/e) distinguish species genus Bolivina , with particular emphasis on quadrata for which ten new sequences KY468817 – KY468826 were...