Plants protect themselves against herbivory with a diverse array of repellent or toxic secondary metabolites. However, many herbivorous insects have developed counteradaptations that enable them to feed on chemically defended plants without apparent negative effects. Here, we present evidence larvae the specialist insect, Pieris rapae (cabbage white butterfly, Lepidoptera: Pieridae), are biochemically adapted glucosinolate–myrosinase system, major chemical defense their host plants. The...

Glucosinolates are natural plant products known as flavor compounds, cancer-preventing agents, and biopesticides. We report cloning characterization of the cytochrome P450 CYP79B2 fromArabidopsis. Heterologous expression inEscherichia coli shows that catalyzes conversion tryptophan to indole-3-acetaldoxime. Recombinant has a K m 21 μm aV max 7.78 nmol/h/ml culture. Inhibitor studies show is different from previously described enzyme activity converts indole-3-acetaldoxime (Ludwig-Müller, J.,...

Ehrlich and Raven formally introduced the concept of stepwise coevolution using butterfly angiosperm interactions in an attempt to account for impressive biological diversity these groups. However, many biologists currently envision butterflies evolving 50 30 million years (Myr) after major radiation thus reject coevolutionary origins biodiversity. The unresolved central tenet Raven's theory is that evolution plant chemical defenses followed closely by biochemical adaptation insect...

Glucosinolates are a group of thioglucosides in plants the Brassicales order. Together with their hydrolytic enzymes, myrosinases, they constitute 'mustard oil bomb' involved plant defense. Here we summarize recent studies Arabidopsis that have provided molecular evidence glucosinolate-myrosinase system is much more than 'two-component defense system,' and started to unravel roles different glucosinolate breakdown pathways context responses biotic abiotic stresses.

Glucosinolates are natural plant products gaining increasing interest as cancer-preventing agents and crop protectants. Similar to cyanogenic glucosides, glucosinolates derived from amino acids have aldoximes intermediates. We report cloning characterization of cytochrome P450 CYP79A2 involved in aldoxime formation the glucosinolate-producing Arabidopsis thaliana L. The cDNA was cloned by polymerase chain reaction, functionally expressed Escherichia coli. Characterization recombinant protein...

Abstract Glucosinolates are a group of thioglucosides that components an activated chemical defense found in the Brassicales. Plant tissue damage results hydrolysis glucosinolates by endogenous thioglucosidases known as myrosinases. Spontaneous rearrangement aglucone yields reactive isothiocyanates toxic to many organisms. In presence specifier proteins, alternative products, namely epithionitriles, simple nitriles, and thiocyanates with different biological activities, formed at expense...

Glucosinolates are natural plant products that have received rising attention due to their role in interactions between pests and crop plants as chemical protectors against cancer. derived from amino acids aldoximes intermediates. We report cytochrome P450 CYP79F1 catalyzes aldoxime formation the biosynthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates Arabidopsis thaliana. Using recombinant functionally expressed Escherichia coli, we show both dihomomethionine trihomomethionine metabolized by resulting...

The defensive function of the glucosinolate-myrosinase system in plants order Capparales results from formation isothiocyanates when glucosinolates are hydrolysed by myrosinases upon tissue damage. In some glucosinolate-containing plant species, as well insect herbivore Pieris rapae, protein factors alter outcome myrosinase-catalysed glucosinolate hydrolysis, leading to products other than isothiocyanates. To date, two such proteins have been identified at molecular level, epithiospecifier...

The glucosinolate–myrosinase system, found in plants of the order Brassicales, has long been considered an effective defense system against herbivores. defensive potential glucosinolates is mainly due to products formed after myrosinase-catalyzed hydrolysis upon tissue damage. most prominent products, isothiocyanates, are toxic a wide range organisms, including herbivorous lepidopterans. In contrast, little known about biological activities alternative such as simple nitriles and...

Abstract Background The glucosinolate-myrosinase system is an activated chemical defense found in plants of the Brassicales order. Glucosinolates are stored separately from their hydrolytic enzymes, myrosinases, plant tissues. Upon tissue damage, e.g. by herbivory, glucosinolates and myrosinases get mixed broken down to array biologically active compounds which isothiocyanates toxic a wide range organisms. Specifier proteins occur some, but not all glucosinolate-containing promote formation...

Plants have evolved a variety of mechanisms for dealing with insect herbivory among which chemical defense through secondary metabolites plays prominent role. Physiological, behavioural and sensorical adaptations to these chemicals provide herbivores selective advantages allowing them diversify within the newly occupied ecological niche. In turn, this may influence evolution plant metabolism giving rise e.g. new defenses. The association Pierid butterflies plants Brassicales has been cited...

One of the best-studied plant defense systems, glucosinolate-myrosinase system Brassicales, is composed thioglucosides known as glucosinolates and their hydrolytic enzymes, myrosinases. Tissue disruption brings these components together, bioactive products are formed a consequence myrosinase-catalyzed glucosinolate hydrolysis. Among products, isothiocyanates have attracted most interest chemical defenses against herbivores pathogens health-promoting compounds in human diet. Previous research...

Abstract Rhizosphere microbial community assembly results from microbe‐microbe‐plant interactions mediated by small molecules of plant and origin. Studies with Arabidopsis thaliana have indicated a critical role glucosinolates in shaping the root and/or rhizosphere community, likely through breakdown products produced or myrosinases inside outside root. Plant nitrile‐specifier proteins (NSPs) promote formation nitriles at expense isothiocyanates upon glucosinolate hydrolysis unknown...