Abstract This study examines whether exposure to ambient temperature in nineteenth-century urban space affected the ratio of boys girls at birth. Furthermore, we investigate details effects timing upon sex The research included 66,009 individual births, aggregated subsequent months births for years 1847–1900, i.e. 33,922 and 32,087 girls. statistical modelling probability a girl being born is based on logistic GAM with penalized splines automatically selected complexity. Our emphasizes...

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to document and interpret urban‐rural differences in mortality the past. To end, we used data on Wielkopolska, Poland, 19th century at beginning 20th century. rural areas (N = 1,173,910 deceased), small towns 573,903 Poznań, capital Wielkopolska region 86,352 were gathered from original Prussian statistical yearbooks (Preussische Statistik). Causes death also analyzed (rural areas, N 449,576 deceased; towns, 238,365 61,512 deceased). Mortality measures...

Summary The purpose of this study was to show the differences in mortality rates children from Catholic and Lutheran families 19th century Poznań, elucidate causes these differences. Data parish death registers were used. infant rate (IDR), neonatal postneonatal life table biometric functions calculated deaths characterized. worst child values (IDR=394.4; rates, respectively, 117.1 277.4; e 0 =16.14 years; Crow's Index=2.47) obtained for poor Parish St Margaret. lowest observed have occurred...

The aim of the study is to show in mortality measures calculated for Catholics and Lutherans from 19th-century Greater Poland: 1) stratification dependent on size place residence, 2) religious denomination population centres various size. data are drawn Catholic Lutheran parish death registers: Poznań (the poor St. Margaret's Parish, wealthy Mary Magdalene's Holy Cross Parish), small towns such as Leszno Parish) Kalisz Joseph's well rural Trzebosz Dziekanowice. Stratification causes among...

Abstract. This study examines the relationship between temperature levels and precipitation amounts as explanatory variables for probability of death due to waterborne airborne diseases in historical urban space. To date, literature has not focused on climatological epidemiology 19th century Polish areas. We used individual mortality data from Poznań parish registers 1850 1900. Each deceased was assigned average monthly values month death, LAG1 (1-month-lagged) rainfall, place residence....

Abstract The microregion of Ostrów Lednicki in the province Wielkopolska was center formation Polish State Early Middle Ages. analysis skeletal remains and parish records from region documented biological status inhabitants its changes over a millennium. study material comprised 424 human skeletons an Medieval burial ground on Lake Lednica, 2,704 deaths registers Roman Catholic Dziekanowice, made between 1818–1903, data 929,192 rural areas all obtained Prussian statistical materials for...

To evaluate secular change in body size and weight status of adult Indian males born 1891-1957 surveyed the 1970s.Data are from Anthropological Surveys. Only men were included surveys due to high female illiteracy lack researchers. society was also strongly conservative at time, especially rural areas, measurement women by not permitted. Heights weights 43 950 18-84 years (born 1891-1957) measured. The BMI calculated; individuals classified relative WHO criteria suggested for Asia-Pacific...

Regional variation in the body size of Indian men 18-84 years age (birth 1891-1957) was considered. Heights, weights, and BMIs males from four regions country - North, East-Northeast, Central, West were compared. Heights 35+ adjusted for estimated height loss with age; estimate added to observed provide an maximum height. Linear regressions measured on year birth used evaluate secular change by region. Differences heights weight among significant all groups, while differences BMI groups...

Abstract Hindus and Muslims represent the two largest religions in India, also differ nutritional status, health-related habits standard of living associated with economic disparities. In this context, present study considered estimated secular changes body size, proportions, weight status among Hindu Muslim Indian men. The data are from anthropological surveys 1970s which included measurements height, sitting height 43,950 males 18–84 years (birth 1891–1957). Leg length was estimated; BMI...

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the young adult body size Polish female university students born before, during, and after WWII. Methods Age, height, weight 492 measured between 1956 1972 were accessed from Department Anthropology archives (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań). sample divided into three birth year cohorts relative WWII: before ( n = 120), during 196), 176). Birth years spanned 1935 through 1952. BMI calculated. Body among compared with age student...

Summary Height is regarded as one of the indicators environmental stress at population level, being an excellent barometer standard living. The aim this study was to describe diversity in height among populations living different regions Kingdom Poland terms economic factors second half 19th and early 20th century. This examines adult inhabitants from five guberniyas (provinces) (Łomża, Warsaw, Radom, Kalisz Płock) collected years 1897–1914 ( N =732 men, =569 women). Differences average male...

The aim of this study is to analyze the model fertility based on reconstructed individual histories families in Lutheran Parish Trzebosz borderland between Greater Poland (Wielkopolska) and Silesia second half 19th century beginning 20th century. In total, 656 pieces information deliveries by 132 women were reconstructed. Fertility was assessed basis length protogenetic intergenetic intervals. Partial rates age relative cumulative number births calculated. average at marriage 26.6 for grooms...

Abstract Objectives The objective of the study was to determine whether exposure pregnant women stresses caused by World War II (WWII) negatively affected pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Methods Individual medical documents deposited in Gynaecology Obstetrics Clinic Medical University, Poznań (1934‐1943; N = 7058) were evaluated. These divided into two birth cohorts: before WWII during it. Frequency tables constructed for numbers outcomes: miscarriages, stillbirths, live births, neonatal...

The aim of this study is to characterize marriage patterns in a rural parish Trzebosz the borderland between Greater Poland (Wielkopolska) and Silesia years 1855–1913. A total 343 data on marriages were gathered from registers. percentage Lutheran–Catholic was calculated. distribution age at by martial status assessed. intensity endogamy exogamy calculated as well coefficients biological polygamy. annual rhythm determined. In mixed accounted for 3.94% 1855–1899 14% 1900–1913. average brides...

It was examined whether positive changes in maternal SES and medical facilities Poland 20 years after social economic transformation weakened the role of age shaping perinatal outcome. Data comprised 2,979 children born 2000 2,992 – 2015. To test differences between frequency indicators adverse outcome chi-square applied. The influence on estimated using Generalized Linear Models (GLMs), with binomial error distribution logit link function. infants survival analysis. Gestational birth weight...

The goal of this study was to examine whether and what extent sex ratio values at birth may have reflected social economic inequalities in the Province Poznań (German: Provinz Posen) last decades 1800s early 1900s. It assumed that maternal economic, emotional well-being differed according size place residence (Poznań / town village) her marital status (married unmarried). In population Province, urban areas (e.g., Poznań) single motherhood were predictors increasing chance proportion boys...

Background Research confirms the negative relationship between early marriage and mothers’ children’s health outcomes. This is why studies of changes in age at are an important task from point view status well-being a mother her offspring, especially groups represented by extremely disadvantaged social strata India. The results such may influence future family planning policy country. Objectives study aims to investigate trend among Scheduled Castes (SCs) women two Indian states: Madhya...