A5026408210- Astro and Planetary Science
- Origins and Evolution of Life
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
- Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
- Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
- Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
- Plasma Applications and Diagnostics
- Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques
- Light effects on plants
- Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
- CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
- Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
- Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
- Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
Czech Academy of Sciences, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry
2015-2024
Charles University
2016-2024
Czech Academy of Sciences
2016-2019
Significance The study shows that Miller–Urey experiments produce RNA nucleobases in discharges and laser-driven plasma impact simulations carried out a simple prototype of reducing atmosphere containing ammonia carbon monoxide. We self-standing description chemistry relevant to hypothesis abiotic synthesis related early-Earth chemical evolution under conditions. research addresses the simple-model (NH 3 + CO H 2 O) role formamide as an intermediate nucleobase formation experiment....
ABSTRACT The goal of this white paper is to provide a snapshot the data availability and needs primarily for Ariel space mission, but also related atmospheric studies exoplanets cool stars. It covers following data-related topics: molecular atomic line lists, profiles, computed cross-sections opacities, collision-induced absorption other continuum data, optical properties aerosols surfaces, chemistry, UV photodissociation photoabsorption cross-sections, standards in description format such...
Abstract Recent results in prebiotic chemistry implicate hydrogen cyanide (HCN) as the source of carbon and nitrogen for synthesis nucleotide, amino acid lipid building blocks. HCN can be produced during impact events by reprocessing carbonaceous nitrogenous materials from both impactor atmosphere; it also these electrical discharge. Here we investigate effect high energy on a range starting mixtures representative various atmosphere-impactor volatile combinations. Using continuously...
Abstract Recent synthetic efforts aimed at reconstructing the beginning of life on our planet point plausibility scenarios fueled by extraterrestrial energy sources. In current work we show that beyond nucleobases sugar components first informational polymers can be synthesized in this way. We demonstrate a laser-induced high-energy chemistry combined with TiO 2 catalysis readily produces mixture pentoses, among them ribose, arabinose and xylose. This might highly relevant to Late Heavy...
Time-resolved Fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy, absorption and high-resolution UV–ViS spectroscopy have been used to characterize the chemistry of isocyanic acid (HNCO) under glow discharge conditions in planetary atmospheres. HNCO mixtures (i.e., composed di-hydrogen or ammonia) investigated order unveil possible reaction pathways leading synthesis key prebiotic molecule formamide (HCONH 2 ), upon atmospheres containing presence and, separately, ammonia. In addition, ab...
Context . It is well known that hydrogen cyanide and formamide can universally be considered as key molecules in prebiotic synthesis. Despite the fact has been detected interplanetary interstellar environments, other species are far more abundant, including, for example, formaldehyde. However, several results indicate play role of important intermediate a feedstock molecule chemical abiogenesis. Diverse recently proposed scenarios origins first biopolymers show liquid environments could have...
Chemical environments of young planets are assumed to be significantly influenced by impacts bodies lingering after the dissolution protoplanetary disk. We explore chemical consequences these under reducing planetary atmospheres dominated carbon monoxide, methane, and molecular nitrogen. Impacts were simulated using a terawatt high-power laser system. Our experimental results show that one-pot impact-plasma-initiated synthesis all RNA canonical nucleobases simplest amino acid glycine is...
Aims. We aim to analyse real-time Perseid and Leonid meteor spectra using a novel calibration-free (CF) method, which is usually applied in the laboratory for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic (LIBS) chemical analysis. Methods. Reference laser ablation of specimens chondritic meteorites were measured situ simultaneously with high-resolution echelle spectrograph spectral camera observation. Laboratory data subsequently evaluated via CF method compared real emission spectra. Additionally,...
Methane, perchlorates, chlorates, and methyl chlorides have all been detected on Mars. The origin of these species has never adequately explained. In this paper, we irradiated mixtures CO2, HCl, a mineral catalyst—anatase, rutile, montmorillonite, the Nakhla meteorite—with soft UV radiation for up to 3500 h observed formation chlorides, methane in single experiment. Additionally, methanogenesis anatase was at −196 °C. Further, propose that while is decomposed relatively quickly therefore...
Context. Meteor spectra are commonly interpreted using data from databases and tables. Several studies have demonstrated very sophisticated calculations of elemental compositions meteoroid bodies based on the computation synthetic meteor or spectral analysis airglow plasma containing evaporated, atomized, ionized matter. However, considering accuracy, reliability computations, lack laboratory experimental in this field, as well complicated physical structure plasma, such qualitative...
Abstract Terrestrial volcanism has been one of the dominant geological forces shaping our planet since its earliest existence. Its associated phenomena, like atmospheric lightning and hydrothermal activity, provide a rich energy reservoir for chemical syntheses. Based on laboratory simulations, we propose that early Earth volcanic activity inevitably led to remarkable production formic acid through various independent reaction channels. Large‐scale availability supports idea high‐temperature...
Abstract Benzene is a simple neutral aromatic compound found in molecular clouds, comets, and planetary atmospheres. It has been confirmed on Jupiter, Saturn, Titan, expected exoplanets. In this paper, the decomposition of benzene simulated asteroid or comet impact into an N 2 -dominated atmosphere was investigated. The plasma with laser-induced dielectric breakdown gas phase products were observed using high-resolution Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. involve mainly HCN, C H ,...
Iron-rich smectites formed by reprocessing of basalts due to the residual post-impact heat could catalyze synthesis and accumulation important prebiotic building blocks such as nucleobases, amino acids urea.
Meteor plasmas and impact events are complex, dynamic natural phenomena. Simulating these processes in the laboratory is, however, a challenge. The technique of laser induced dielectric breakdown was first used for this purpose almost 50 years ago. Since then, laser-based experiments have helped to simulate high energy Tunguska Chicxulub events, heavy bombardment on early Earth, prebiotic chemical evolution, space weathering celestial bodies meteor plasma. This review summarizes current...
Abstract A hollow cathode discharge with a CuNi (Cu50Ni50) was operated in an Ar/N $$_2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow /> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> /O gas mixture. The energy distribution of plasma ions is investigated the help energy-resolved mass spectrometry. Formation singly ionised Ar $$^+$$ <mml:msup> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> and Cu Ni observed pure argon. With addition N or O additional formation molecular $$_2^...
The spontaneous isotopic exchange of oxygen atoms between dry powdered Ti16O2-containing minerals and gaseous C18O2 was studied using gas-phase high-resolution Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR) carbon dioxide isotopologues. rovibrational spectra all measured isotopologues were assigned then used for quantification the time-dependent isotope (16O) from surface crystalline lattice solid mineral samples with (18O) C18O2. Similar to our previous studies devoted activity...
Large-scale plasma was created in gas mixtures containing methane using high-power laser-induced dielectric breakdown (LIDB). The composition of the corresponded to a cometary and/or meteoritic impact into early atmosphere either Titan or Earth. A multiple-centimeter-sized fireball by focusing single 100 J, 450 ps near-infrared laser pulse center 15 L cell. excited reaction intermediates formed during various stages LIDB chemical evolution were investigated optical emission spectroscopy...
Hydrogen cyanide (HCN), a key molecule of significant importance in contemporary perspectives on prebiotic chemistry, originates planetary atmospheres from various processes, such as photochemistry, thermochemistry, and impact well delivery by impacts. The resilience HCN during periods heavy bombardment, phenomenon caused an influx material unstable trajectories after accretion, remains relatively understudied. This study extensively investigates the stability under conditions simulated...