The AICD (amyloid precursor protein [APP] intracellular domain) and C31, the caspase-cleaved C-terminal fragment of APP, have been found in brains patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we demonstrate for first time that fragments APP (AICD [C57, C59] C31) exert neurotoxicity on differentiated PC 12 cells rat primary cortical neurons by inducing expression glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, forming a ternary complex Fe65 CP2/LSF/LBP1 nucleus, whereas deletion mutants point mutant Y682G...

Abstract Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder with strong genetic basis, whose etiology and pathophysiology remain poorly understood. Exome sequencing studies have uncovered rare, loss-of-function variants that greatly increase risk of schizophrenia [1], including mutations in GRIN2A (aka GluN2A or NR2A , encoding the NMDA receptor subunit 2A) AKAP11 (A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 11). are also associated bipolar [2], epilepsy developmental delay/intellectual disability [1, 3,...

Early Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology is characterized by synaptic changes induced degradation products of amyloid precursor protein (APP). The exact mechanisms such modulation are unknown. Here, we report that nanomolar concentrations intraaxonal oligomeric (o)Aβ42, but not oAβ40 or extracellular oAβ42, acutely inhibited transmission at the squid giant synapse. Further characterization this phenotype demonstrated presynaptic calcium currents were unaffected. However, electron...

Abstract The incidence of amyloid plaques, composed mainly β‐amyloid peptides (Aβ), does not correlate well with the severity neurodegeneration in patients Alzheimer’s disease (AD). effects Aβ 42 on neurons or neural stem cells (NSCs) terms aggregated form remain controversial. We prepared three forms oligomeric, fibrillar, and monomeric investigated their proliferation differentiation adult NSCs, according to degree aggregation concentration. A low micromolar concentration (1 μmol/L)...

A crucial pathophysiological issue concerning central neuropathic pain is the modification of sensory processing by abnormally increased low-frequency brain rhythms. Here we explore molecular mechanisms responsible for such abnormal rhythmicity and its relation to syndrome. Toward this aim, investigated behavioral electrophysiological consequences trigeminal following infraorbital nerve ligations in CaV3.1 T-type Ca(2+) channel knockout wild-type mice. mice had decreased mechanical...

The role of P/Q- and T-type calcium channels in the rhythmic oscillatory behaviour inferior olive (IO) neurons was investigated mutant mice. Mice lacking either CaV2.1 gene pore-forming alpha1A subunit for P/Q-type channel, or CaV3.1 alpha1G channel were used. In vitro intracellular recording from IO reveals that amplitude frequency sinusoidal subthreshold oscillations (SSTOs) reduced CaV2.1-/- CaV3.1-/- mice, also showed altered patterns SSTOs probability SSTO generation significantly lower...

Significance Defining the neuronal activity underlying unconscious states is a fundamental prerequisite to understanding cognitive brain function. The present findings indicate that associated with unconsciousness directly related voltage-gated ionic conductances supporting thalamic low-frequency electrical oscillations. In particular, calcium channels are important players in generation of prolonged unconsciousness. Thus, mice deletion Ca V 3.1 incapable maintaining oscillatory These...

Filamentous tau inclusions are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative tauopathies, but the molecular mechanisms involved in tau-mediated changes neuronal function their possible effects on synaptic transmission unknown. We have evaluated human protein injected directly into presynaptic terminal axon squid giant synapse, which affords functional, structural, biochemical analysis its action release process. Indeed, we found that at physiological concentration...

Abstract Machine learning has been applied in recent years to categorize sleep stages (NREM, REM, and wake) using electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings; however, a well-validated scoring automatic pipeline rodent research is still not publicly available. Here, we present IntelliSleepScorer, software package with graphic user interface score automatically mice. IntelliSleepScorer uses the light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) for each epoch of recordings. We developed LightGBM models...

Small GTPase Rab is a member of large family Ras-related proteins, highly conserved in eukaryotic cells, and thought to regulate specific type(s) and/or step(s) intracellular membrane trafficking. Given our interest synaptic transmission, we addressed the possibility that Rab27 (a close isoform Rab3) could be involved cytosolic vesicle mobilization. Indeed, preterminal injection antibody against squid (anti-sqRab27 antibody) combined with confocal microscopy demonstrated present on vesicles....

Superfusion of the squid giant synapse with artificial seawater (ASW) based on isotonic saline containing oxygen nanobubbles (RNS60 ASW) generates an enhancement synaptic transmission. This was determined by examining postsynaptic response to single and repetitive presynaptic spike activation, spontaneous transmitter release, voltage clamp studies. In presence RNS60 ASW stimulation elicited larger potentials (PSP) more robust recovery from high frequency than in control ASW. Analysis noise...

Proteins work together in nanostructures many physiological contexts and disease states. We recently developed expansion revealing (ExR), which expands proteins away from each other, order to support better labeling with antibody tags nanoscale imaging on conventional microscopes. Here, we report multiplexed (multiExR), enables high-fidelity visualization of >20 the same specimen, over serial rounds staining imaging. Across all datasets examined, multiExR exhibits a median round-to-round...

We have examined the effects of RNS60, a 0.9% saline containing charge-stabilized oxygen nanobubble-based structures. RNS60 is generated by subjecting normal to Taylor–Couette–Poiseuille (TCP) flow under elevated pressure. This study, implemented in Xenopus laevis oocytes, addresses both electrophysiological membrane properties and parallel biological processes cytoplasm. Intracellular recordings from defolliculated X. oocytes were in: (1) air oxygenated standard Ringer's solution, (2)...

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder with strong genetic basis, whose etiology and pathophysiology remain poorly understood. Exome sequencing studies have uncovered rare, loss-of-function variants that greatly increase risk of schizophrenia [1], including mutations in GRIN2A (aka GluN2A or NR2A , encoding the NMDA receptor subunit 2A) AKAP11 (A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 11). are also associated bipolar [2], epilepsy developmental delay/intellectual [1, 3,...

This study was investigated the effects of feeding combination with Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis on diarrhea incidence fecal microflora weaned calves. A total 12 newly calves were allocated to two dietary treatments in a randomized design based body weight. The included commercial basal diet supplemented with: 1) no microbial inoculants (Control); 2) mixture (LB). Calves fed diets for 4-week period. At end experiment, counts lactic acid bacteria Enterobacteriaceae LB...

본 연구는 E. coli와 S. typhimurium을 대상으로 orthophenylphenol 20%를 함유한 훈증소독제, Fumagari OPP<TEX>$^{(R)}$</TEX>의 살균효과를 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 예비 시험에서, typhimurium의 현탁액 균수는 모두 <TEX>$4.0{\times}10^8CFU/mL$</TEX>이었으며, 모든 훈증소독제에 노출시킨 담체의 평판배지법과 여과법으로 배양한 시험균주 현탁액의 균수의 50%보다 많았다. 또한, 대조 담체로부터 회복된 typhimurium <TEX>$3.4{\times}10^6CFU/mL$</TEX>이었다. 훈증소독제의 살균효과 시험에서는, 훈증소독제를 처리한 감소 각각 5.64와 5.26 logCFU/mL로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터, OPP<TEX>$^{(R)}$</TEX>은 typhimurium에 대해 효과적인 살균력을 갖는 것으로 확인되었으며, 병원성 세균에 오염된 식품재료 및 주방용품의 소독에...

Antibiotic Detection Kit (Combination I), a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) developed for the detection of antibiotic residues in milk, was utilized analysis muscle tissue olive flounder. After 60-min treatment by dipping water dosed with ampicillin (200-g/ton water), residue depletion investigated 25 cultured flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Muscles fish were sampled on 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th day after drug treatment. The concentration determined LFIA. absorbance ratio sample to...

소셜미디어가 소비자의 주요 정보탐색 채널로 대두되며, 기업은 소셜미디어 내에서 의사결정 과정에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 인플루언서를 활용한 마케팅에 주목하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 인플루언서의 효과를 탐색하기 위하여 정보원 특성과 설득지식에 주목하였다. 연구 결과, 내 특성인 전문성과 동질성은 각각 구전의도에 긍정적인 미쳤는데, 동질성보다 전문성이 더 큰 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다음으로 동질성과 전문성, 설득지식이 살펴보기 삼원상호작용효과를 분석한 높게 활성화되는 구간에서 전문성은 유의한 보였다. 특히 활성화되고 동질성이 높은 경우에 영향력을 이러한 결과는 상업적 콘텐츠에 대한 고지를 의무화하는 규제가 심화하는 현시점에서 인플루언서 활성화될 때 정보원의 소비자 반응에 주요한 미친다는 것을 규명하였다. 마케팅의 설득 효과에 변수 간의 복합적인 규명함으로써 이론적 또는 실무적 시사점을 제공해 줄 기대한다.

본 연구는 3D 입체 영화의 만족에 영향을 미치는 요인들에 대한 탐색적 연구이다. 연구 방법은 기존 선행연구를 바탕으로 영화에 요인들로 인물, 스토리, 대사, 음악, 기술적 요인을 도출하고 이러한 요인들이 어떠한 지에 대하여 분석해보고자 하였다. 또한 관여도에 따라 요인이 미치는지에 연구해 보고자 이에 연구의 결과는 크게 다음과 같이 요약된다. 첫째, 높은 주는 속성은 스토리와 요인으로 나타났다. 둘째, 분석해 결과 저관여 집단에게서 상관관계를 나타냈다. 반면 고관여 집단에서는 요인과 스토리가 만족도에 연구결과는 향후 연구에 있어 변수의 선정에 유용한 시사점을 제공해 줄 것으로 기대된다. This study is an empirical approach to investigating impact of stereoscopic film's customer satisfaction. Using conventional methods, there were identified stereo...

Astrocytes are an abundant class of glial cells with critical roles in neural circuit assembly and function. Though many studies have uncovered significant molecular distinctions between astrocytes from different brain regions, how this regionalization unfolds over development is not fully understood. We used single-nucleus RNA sequencing to characterize the diversity across six developmental stages four regions mouse marmoset brain. Our analysis 170,000 single astrocyte nuclei revealed...

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the causative agent of porcine (PED) and causes a considerable economic loss in swine industry. In this study, virucidal efficacy disinfectant composed to n-alkyl-dimethyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride (n-ADBAC) was investigated against PEDV. A determined with viability PEDV contacted Vero cells. The were reacted on hard water (HW) or organic matter suspension (OM) condition. On HW condition, inactivated 50 fold dilutions disinfectant. When antiviral...

Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been identified as important chemical mediators that regulate signal transduction pathways. Today, the importance of ROS in pathological events has become increasingly apparent. To monitor biological systems, various techniques such cytochrome c peroxidase assay and malonaldialdehyde detection were developed used clinically. However, these methods are very laborious time‐consuming. Therefore, this study, we a capillary electrophoresis (CE)‐based...