Enterobacter sakazakii is the name proposed for organism previously known as "yellow-pigmented cloacae." The type strain (holotype) of this species ATCC 29544. change in classification based on differences between E. cloacae and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA hybridization, biochemical reactions, pigment production, antibiotic susceptibility. By DNA was about 50% related to cloacae, Citrobacter diversus ("Citrobacter intermedius" biotype b), "Citrobacter amalonaticus" a). new placed rather...

Crude cell extracts of 26 isolates Salmonella serotype typhi (S. typhi) and 48 other representing 28 serotypes seven DNA hybridization subgroups were analyzed for electrophoretic variants 24 metabolic enzymes by starch gel electrophoresis. All strains S. had identical isoenzyme patterns, indicating that they a single clone. the detected in remaining polymorphic, degree genetic variation was quite high. The average number alleles per enzyme locus 4.7, mean diversity 0.556. Thirty-two distinct...

Eight cases of neonatal meningitis due to Enterobacter sakazakii (formerly known as yellow-pigmented cloacae) which occurred in The Netherlands during the last 6 years were investigated retrospectively. Two patients had necrotizing enterocolitis and simultaneously. Despite treatment (in most with ampicillin gentamicin), fatality rate was 75%. Strains much more susceptible some new beta-lactam antibiotics than ampicillin. A mode transmission other passage through birth canal likely, at least...

Yersinia enterocolitica is a heterogeneous group of organisms with more than 50 serotypes and several biotypes. Only few these cause gastrointestinal disease in otherwise healthy hosts; are the pathogenic serotypes. Although Y. requires high-molecular-weight plasmid to disease, chromosome-encoded determinants required for full expression virulence. The ability spp. invade eucaryotic cells thought be virulence factor, because nonpathogenic noninvasive animals tissue culture cell models....

In 1983, the vernacular name Enteric Group 77 was coined for a group of strains that had been referred to our laboratory as "possible Vibrio cholerae except gas production." By DNA-DNA hybridization (hydroxyapatite, 32P), 8 10 were very highly related labeled strain 1169-83 (74 100% at 60 degrees C and 75 C; percent divergence, 0.0 2.5). Type six other Aeromonas species 45 66% (60 C) 1169-83, but type 27 only 2 6% related. The veronii is proposed nine formerly known 77. designated ATCC 35604...

Variation in the chromosomal genomes of 1527 isolates eight common serotypes (O and H antigen profiles) Salmonella was assessed by analysis electrophoretically demonstrable allelic polymorphism at 23 metabolic enzyme loci. Seventy-one distinctive electrophoretic types, representing multilocus genotypes, were identified. A basically clonal population structure indicated presence strong linkage disequilibrium among loci, association each serotype with a relatively small number global...

Escherichia fergusonii (formerly known as Enteric Group 10) and Enterobacter taylorae 19) are proposed new species in the family Enterobacteriaceae. By DNA hybridization (32P, 60 degrees C, hydroxyapatite), strains of E. were 90 to 97% related type strain (holotype) ATCC 35469. They most closely coli more distantly other genera. positive for indole production, methyl red, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine motility. ferment D-glucose with gas production also adonitol, L-arabinose, L-rhamnose,...

A previously undescribed marine bacterium, Vibrio damsela, was isolated from naturally occurring skin ulcers on a species of temperate-water damselfish, the blacksmith (Chromis punctipinnis). Laboratory infection with damsela produced similar ulcers. pathogenic for four other damselfish but not members families fish. The bacterium has also been water and two human wounds may be cause disease.

Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 has been isolated from outbreaks and sporadic cases of hemorrhagic colitis. There is convincing evidence that it can cause this diarrheal disease. Because the interest in colitis, become desirable to detect particular strain human feces, which usually contains many other strains E. coli. Two characteristics incriminated have made its isolation identification easier. It does not ferment D-sorbitol rapidly, contrast about 95% strains. In addition, H antigen 7,...

Between April 1987 and May 1989, the Centers for Disease Control investigated seven cases of transfusion‐associated Yersinia enterocolitica sepsis; four were caused by organisms serotype O:3, one each was O:1,2,3; O:5,27; O:20. All recipients developed septic shock after receiving units red cells (RBCs) contaminated with Y. ; five died. The occurred in states unrelated. There no evidence contamination RBC during processing. Six donors had serologic recent infection, it is hypothesized that...

Deoxyribonucleic acid reassociation was used to determine relatedness among protei and providenciae between these organisms other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The results indicate following. (i)Proteus mirabilis, Prot. morganii, Providencia stuartii are homogeneous species. (ii) vulgaris, rettgeri, Prov. alcalifaciens each contain more than one deoxyribonucleic group. (iii) A group urea-positive strains previously called rettgeri biogroup 5 are, in fact, stuartii. (iv)Prot....

Kluyvera is proposed as a new genus for the group of organisms formerly known Enteric Group 8 (synonym = API 1). Strains share properties most members family Enterobacteriaceae: they are gram-negative rods, motile with peritrichous flagella, catalase positive, and oxidase negative; grow on MacConkey agar, ferment D-glucose production acid gas, susceptible to many antibiotics. usually indole methyl red Voges-Proskauer negative, citrate H2S (triple sugar iron) urea phenylalanine deaminase...

Enterobacter asburiae sp. nov. is a new species that was formerly referred to as Enteric Group 17 and consists of 71 strains, 70 which were isolated from humans. strains gave positive reactions in tests for methyl red, citrate utilization (Simmons Christensen's), urea hydrolysis, L-ornithine decarboxylase, growth KCN, acid gas production D-glucose, L-arabinose, cellobiose, glycerol (negative 1 2 days, 3 7 days), lactose, D-mannitol, alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, salicin, D-sorbitol, sucrose,...

To date, epidemiologic associations among strains of Salmonella typhi are based exclusively on phage typing, which may be limited value if a common type is involved. Analysis ribosomal RNA gene restriction patterns allows separation most independently isolated identical types. The sensitivity the method dependent enzymes used to digest chromosomal DNA. It was highest for PstI, separated 16 20 that belonged 8 types including 3 untypable strains. Three differed in their but had patterns. Also,...

Strains formerly classified as the aerogenic (gas-producing) biogroup of Vibrio fluvialis were shown by DNA relatedness to be a separate species. The species was named furnissii sp. nov. (type strain ATCC 35016 = CDC B3215). Three strains V. 79% or more related type and about 50% fluvialis. 40 64% furnissii. Divergence in sequences only 0.0 1.5% among but 5.0 8.0% interspecific reactions between (produced gas from fermentation carbohydrates), whereas anaerogenic (did not produce...

In 1983 the vernacular name Enteric Group 501 was coined for a group of strains that had been referred to our laboratory as "possible Vibrio damsela does not require NaCl growth." By DNA-DNA hybridization (hydroxyapatite method, 32P, 60 and 75 degrees C), six were closely related labeled strain 2446-81 (70 95% at C 71 93% C; 0 1% divergence). Type all Aeromonas species reference other DNA groups 26 42% (60 C) 2446-81, but type 27 Photobacterium species, including V. damsela, (75 related. We...

An unusual isolate from a human leg wound was identified as Xenorhabdus luminescens. This finding led to the discovery or isolation of four additional strains, two blood and wounds. Three five strains were patients in San Antonio, Tex. studied by DNA-DNA hybridization (S1 nuclease-trichloroacetic acid method) 77 100% related each other, 34% type strain X. luminescens, 35 40% three Grimont's other DNA groups 9% nematophilus. The new group designated luminescens 5. All very inactive...

The name Vibrio hollisae (synonym = Special Bacteriology group EF-13) is proposed for a new of 16 strains that occurred in stool cultures patients with diarrhea. V. small gram-negative rod, which motile single polar flagellum. No lateral or peritrichous flagella were observed, even when it was grown on solid medium. Sodium chloride required growth, so halophilic vibrio. Strains positive (36 degrees C, 24 48 h) oxidase (Kovacs), indole production, nitrate reduction to nitrite, and...

DNA relatedness was used to define the biochemical boundaries of Escherichia coli. A large number biochemically atypical strains were shown belong biogroups E. These included negative in reactions for indole, all three decarboxylases, D-mannitol, lactose, or methyl red and positive H2S, urea, citrate, KCN, adonitol, myo-inositol, phenylalanine deaminase. Frequency source data are presented these coli biogroups. One group KCN-positive, cellobiose-positive, yellow-pigmented 84 91% interrelated...

The name Proteus penneri sp. nov. is proposed for a group of organisms previously called vulgaris indole negative or P. biogroup 1. All these strains were salicin negative, esculin and chloramphenicol resistant (zone size, less than 14 mm). DNA relatedness studies indicated that when from strain 1808-73 was labeled tested against unlabeled 13 other P strains, highly related formed (88 to 99% at 60 degrees C 67 75 C). Strain (ATCC 33519) as the type penneri. In this study, two distinct groups...

A new method has been devised to trace cross-infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Unknown strains growing logarithmically in liquid media were treated with mitomycin C induce the liberation of pyocin and phage. The lysates then tested against 27 selected indicator strains, zones clearing differentiated as killing or lysis Twenty-four standard pyocin-phage applied each unknowns, sensitivity pattern was recorded. Thus, an “epidemiological fingerprint” consisting 51 operational characteristics...