Deep learning (DL) neural networks have only recently been employed to interpret chest radiography (CXR) screen and triage people for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). No published studies compared multiple DL systems populations. We conducted a retrospective evaluation of three (CAD4TB, Lunit INSIGHT, qXR) detecting TB-associated abnormalities in radiographs from outpatients Nepal Cameroon. All 1196 individuals received Xpert MTB/RIF assay CXR read by two groups radiologists the systems. was...

Narrow Bi2Te3 nanowire arrays, where the individual wires are dense and parallel, have been fabricated by electrodeposition. The array–template composites a high wire density over large area (see Figure) relatively thick, which makes them ideally suited for direct incorporation into existing device structures thermoelectric or other applications.

Abstract High density nanoparticle arrays on surfaces have been created using a template‐assisted approach. Templates were produced by evaporating aluminum onto substrates and subsequently anodizing the to produce nanoporous alumina films. The resulting templates narrow distribution of pore sizes tunable from ∼ 25 70 nm. To demonstrate flexibility this approach for producing various substrates, fabricated silicon oxide, silicon, gold surfaces. In all cases, final chemical etching step...

Arrays of bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) nanowires with diameters ∼25, ∼50, and ∼75 nm have been produced by electrochemical deposition into porous anodic alumina templates. Scanning electron microscopy confirms that the nanowire arrays are dense a narrow distribution diameters. The structure was assessed immediately after deposition, annealing to ∼80% melting point, melting/recrystallization. As determined XRD analysis, there is strong fiber texture in depends on both diameter postdeposition...

We have applied nanoporous anodic alumina films as planar optical waveguides and studied changes in the effective dielectric constants of these thin due to various processes occurring pores. demonstrate potential porous waveguide for high sensitivity (bio-) chemical sensing with bovine serum albumin adsorption desorption at pH values, subangstrom thickness protein adsorbed. also monitored pore widening (alumina dissolution) sensitivity, which is conceptually reverse detecting conformal film...

The Truenat MTB Plus assay is a rapid molecular test that has been recommended by the World Health Organization since 2020 as an initial to detect tuberculosis (TB). WHO highlighted need further evaluate performance inform future recommendations, including in people living with HIV and compared Xpert MTB/RIF assay. We conducted prospective evaluation of diagnostic accuracy Cameroon, country high burden HIV/TB.

We describe an electrochemical-based approach to create vertically aligned nanotube arrays on substrates. Initially, nanoporous anodic alumina films are used as templates electrodeposit nanorods, and then the removed electrodeposited using nanorod templates. have this fabricate gold nickel nanorods By anodizing ends of before electrodeposition, no deposition occurs at rods, resulting in open-ended nanotubes. In addition, we layered nickel-gold nanostructure with alternating segments filled...

Control of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) and zoonotic (zTB) has relied upon surveillance slaughter infected cattle, milk pasteurisation public health education. In Cameroon, like many other sub-Saharan African countries, there is limited understanding current cattle husbandry or processing practices livestock keepers awareness bTB. This paper describes within different Cameroonian keeping communities bTB in comparison to infectious diseases.

Mycobacteria cause major diseases including human tuberculosis, bovine tuberculosis and Johne's disease. In livestock, the dominant species is M. bovis causing (bTB), a disease of global zoonotic importance. this study, we estimated prevalence in slaughter cattle Cameroon. A total 2,346 were examined cross-sectional study at four abattoirs Up to three lesions per animal collected for further retropharyngeal lymph node was from random sample non-lesioned animals. Samples cultured on...

HIV continues to be a major public health problem in Cameroon where 2.7% of the population aged 15 49 are living with HIV. The prevalence remains higher females, 3.4% versus 1.9% males. North West region has than national average; 4% general population, 5.8% females and 1.6% Despite availability pediatric treatment, gaps outcomes children (CLHIV) persists. This study aimed compare viral suppression rates among adults receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) Region Cameroon. In this we...

For the 30 million people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy, routine viral load testing is recommended to monitor treatment effectiveness. However, only an estimated 77% of eligible accessed in 2022, due barriers including high costs tests. Here we assessed implementation pooled increase efficiency at a reference laboratory Cameroon. Plasma specimens were tested pools three using Abbott RealTime HIV-1 Viral Load assay. detected, each specimen was then and reported individually; for...

A general route for the synthesis of homogeneous mixed-element oxides, based on use block polyalkylene oxide copolymers and single-source molecular precursors, is described. Thermolytic decomposition precursors in presence an anhydrous solution copolymer (in toluene) led to monolithic gels. The polymeric structure-directing agent was then removed by calcination at 500 °C 3 h under O2. generality this synthetic approach demonstrated with Zr[OSi(OtBu)3]4, (EtO)2Ta[OSi(OtBu)3]3,...

Nanopore arrays with pore diameters of approximately 75nm were fabricated in GaN films by inductively coupled plasma etching using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as etch masks. Nanoporous AAO formed on the surface evaporating an Al film onto a epilayer and subsequently anodizing aluminum. To minimize plasma-induced damage, template was exposed to CF4-based conditions. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that diameter periodicity nanopores directly transferred from original alumina...

Abstract We describe the largest molecular epidemiological study of Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB) in a sub-Saharan African country with higher spatial resolution providing new insights into bTB. Four hundred and ninety-nine samples were collected for culture from 201 179 cattle without bTB-like lesions respectively out 2,346 slaughtered at Bamenda, Ngaoundere, Garoua Maroua abattoirs between 2012–2013. Two fifty-five M. bovis isolated, identified genotyped using deletion analysis, Hain® Genotype...

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral zoonotic disease distributed across several continents and recognized as an ongoing health threat. In humans, the infection can progress to severe with high fatality, raising public concerns due limited prophylactic therapeutic options available. Animal species, clinically unaffected by virus, serve reservoirs amplifier hosts, be valuable tool for surveillance. Little known about occurrence prevalence of Virus (CCHFV) in Cameroon....

GaN nanopillar arrays have been fabricated by inductively coupled plasma etching of films using anodic aluminum oxide film as an etch mask. The average diameter and length these pillars are 60–65nm 350–400nm, respectively. Ultraviolet microphotoluminescence measurements indicate high photoluminescence intensity stress relaxation in nanopillars compared to the starting epitaxial films. Evidence good crystalline quality is also observed micro-Raman measurements, wherein a redshift E2high mode...

To evaluate nasal morphology, symmetry, and nostril shape in patients with unilateral cleft lip palate following mixed-dentition alveolar bone grafting.Prospective stereophotogrammetric study.Hospital-based.Thirty-nine a history of repaired who received an iliac crest graft were recruited prospectively to participate the study. Each patient served as his/her own control.Partial facial impressions all acquired before minimum 6 months after grafting procedure. Image acquisition analysis casts...

When studying the dynamics of a pathogen in host population, one crucial question is whether it transitioned from an epidemic (i.e., population and number infected hosts are increasing) to endemic stable state reached equilibrium). For slow-growing slow-evolving clonal pathogens such as Mycobacterium bovis , causative agent bovine (or animal) zoonotic tuberculosis, can be challenging discriminate between these two states. This result combination suboptimal detection tests so that actual...

Dense, crystalline arrays of InGaN nanorings, nanodots, and nanoarrows have been fabricated on GaN substrates by template-assisted nano-area selective growth. To create the nanostructures, we used nanoporous anodic alumina films as templates to pattern nanopores in an SiO2 transfer layer, then this patterned layer a template for nitride growth metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. We varied diameter deposited nanostructures from 35 250 nm changing initial structure. In addition,...