Kazuo Makishima
A5033311537- Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
- Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
- Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Particle Detector Development and Performance
- Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
- Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
- Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
- Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials
- X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
- Mechanics and Biomechanics Studies
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging
- Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena
- Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
The University of Tokyo
2014-2024
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe
2018-2024
RIKEN
2012-2021
RIKEN Nishina Center
2014-2021
Nippon Soken (Japan)
2006-2021
RIKEN Advanced Science Institute
2011-2020
Yamagata University Hospital
2020
Astrobiology Center
2020
Urology Team
2018
Stanford University
2018
High-sensitivity wide-band X-ray spectroscopy is the key feature of Suzaku observatory, launched on 2005 July 10. This paper summarizes spacecraft, in-orbit performance, operations, and data processing that are related to observations. The scientific instruments, high-throughput telescopes, CCD cameras, non-imaging hard detector also described.
The Hard X-ray Detector (HXD) on board Suzaku covers a wide energy range from 10 keV to 600 by combination of silicon PIN diodes and GSO scintillators. HXD is designed achieve an extremely low in-orbit back ground based new techniques, including the concept well-type active shield counter. With effective area 142 cm^2 at 20 273 cm2 150 keV, background level sea reached ~1x10^{-5} cts s^{-1} cm^{-2} keV^{-1} 30 for PI N diodes, ~2x10^{-5} 100 ~7x10^{-6} 200 phoswich Tight shielding results in...
view Abstract Citations (464) References (47) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Simultaneous X-Ray and Optical Observations of GX 339-4 in an High State Makishima, K. ; Maejima, Y. Mitsuda, Bradt, H. V. Remillard, R. A. Tuohy, I. Hoshi, Nakagawa, M. emission, soft X-rays, hard X-rays have been observed simultaneously from the black hole candidate 3339-4 a typical high state. Each these components is interpreted as arising characteristic region...
Abstract The in-orbit performance and calibration of the Hard X-ray Detector (HXD) on board astronomy satellite Suzaku are described. Its basic performances, including a wide energy bandpass 10–600 keV, resolutions $\sim 4 \,\mathrm{keV}$ (FWHM) at 40 keV 11\%$ 511 high background rejection efficiency, have been confirmed by extensive calibrations. long-term gains PIN-Si diodes stable within 1% for half year, those scintillators decreased 5–20%. residual non-X-ray HXD is lowest among past...
Abstract Particles are accelerated to very high, nonthermal energies in space, solar, and astrophysical plasma environments. In cosmic-ray physics, the Hillas limit is often used as a rough estimate (or necessary condition) of maximum energy particles. This based on concepts one-shot direct acceleration by system-wide motional electric field, well stochastic diffusive strongly turbulent However, it remains unclear how this explains actual observed Here, we show, systematic review, that...
Studies were made of ASCA spectra seven ultraluminous compact X-ray sources in nearby spiral galaxies: M33 X-8, M81 X-6, IC 342 source 1, Dwingeloo 1 X-1, NGC 1313 B, and two 4565. With the 0.5-10 keV luminosities range 1039-1040 ergs s-1, they are thought to represent a class enigmatic often found galaxies. For some them, data newly processed or published reanalyzed. others, results quoted. The all have been described successfully with so-called multicolor disk blackbody emission arising...
We report on the result of an X-ray observation Nova Velorum 1993 (GRS 1009–45), made with ASCA November 10-11. The energy spectrum was extremely soft and accompanied by a hard tail, characteristics Galactic black-hole binaries in state. It is well represented two-component model consisting multicolor disk or general relativistic accretion model, both describing emission from optically thick disk, power-law component photon index ∼ 2.5. A spectral analysis allows estimation mass central...
The Gas Imaging Spectrometer (GIS) system on board ASCA is described. experiment consists of 2 units imaging gas scintillation proportional counters with a sealed-off cell equipped an phototube. performance characterized by the high X-ray sensitivity (from 0.7 keV to over 10 keV), good energy resolution (7.8% FWHM at 6 following E−0.5 as function E), moderate position (0.5 mm dependence), fast time down 61 μs, and effective area 50 diameter. on-board signal processing data transmitted ground...
We observed the BL Lac object Mrk 421 with X-ray satellite ASCA in 1994 as part of a multifrequency observation. The 24 hr observation was conducted 1 day after onset TeV flare detected by Whipple Observatory and an flare, no apparent variability optical, UV, EGRET GeV flux. 2-10 keV flux peaked at 3.7 × 10-10 ergs cm-2 s-1 then decreased to 1.8 doubling timescale ~12 hr. shape spectrum varied during observation, such that hard X-rays always led soft X-rays, both brightening dimming source,...
We measured basic properties of three ceramic Y/sub 3/Al/sub 5/O/sub 12/ (YAG) scintillators doped with Ce to a concentration 0.5, 0.05, and 0.005 mol%, in comparison monocrystalline YAG scintillator unknown amount doping. First, optical transparency emission spectra were investigated. confirmed that the ceramics is comparable one (/spl sim/80%) wavelengths longer than /spl sim/500 nm. The did not show an indication lattice defects which present YAG. Then response gamma/-rays was studied...
We present the first high spectral resolution X-ray observation of giant elliptical galaxy NGC 4636, obtained with Reflection Grating Spectrometer on-board XMM-Newton Observatory. The resulting spectrum contains a wealth emission lines from various charge states oxygen, neon, magnesium, and iron. Examination cross-dispersion profiles several these provides clear, unambiguous evidence resonance scattering by highest oscillator strength lines, as well weak temperature gradient in inner regions...
The in-orbit performance and calibration of the Gas Imaging Spectrometer (GIS), located on focal plane X-ray astronomy satellite ASCA, are described. An extensive has confirmed its basic performance, including a position resolution 0.6 mm (FWHM) an energy 7.8% (FWHM), both at 6 keV. When combined with telescope, GIS sensitivity range becomes 0.7-10 non background been to be as low (5-9) × 10−4 cs−1 cm−2 keV−1 over 1-10 keV range. long-term detector gain stable within few % for nearly 3...
We report on the long term X-ray monitoring with Swift, RXTE, Suzaku, Chandra and XMM-Newton of outburst newly discovered magnetar Swift J1822.3-1606 (SGR 1822-1606), from first observations soon after detection short bursts which led to its discovery, through stages decay (covering time-span July 2011, until end April 2012). also archival ROSAT witnessed source during likely quiescent state, upper limits J1822.3-1606's radio-pulsed optical emission outburst, Green Bank Telescope (GBT) Gran...
The joint JAXA/NASA ASTRO-H mission is the sixth in a series of highly successful X-ray missions initiated by Institute Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). will investigate physics high-energy universe performing high-resolution, high-throughput spectroscopy with moderate angular resolution. covers very wide energy range from 0.3 keV to 600 keV. allows combination band (5-80 keV) provided multilayer coating, focusing hard mirrors imaging detectors, high energy-resolution soft (0.3-12...
A report is made on a comprehensive observation of burstlike gamma-ray emission from thunderclouds the Sea Japan, during strong thunderstorms 6 January 2007. The detected emission, lasting for approximately 40 sec, preceded cloud-to-ground lightning discharges. burst spectrum, extending to 10 MeV, can be interpreted as consisting bremsstrahlung photons originating relativistic electrons. This ground-based provides first clear evidence that electric fields in continuously accelerate electrons...
Abstract We report Suzaku observations of the galaxy cluster Abell 1795 that extend to $r_{200}$$\approx$ 2 Mpc, radius within which mean mass density is 200 times cosmic critical density. These are first probe state intracluster medium in this object at $r$$>$ 1.3 Mpc. sample two disjoint sectors outskirts (1.3 Mpc $\lt$$r$$\lt$ 1.9 Mpc) and detect X-ray emission only one them a limiting (3$ \sigma$) soft surface brightness $B_{0.5{\rm }2 {\rm keV}}$$=$ 1.8 $\times$ 10$^{-12} $erg...
Extending the earlier measurements reported in Hitomi collaboration (2016, Nature, 535, 117), we examine atmospheric gas motions within central 100~kpc of Perseus cluster using observations obtained with satellite. After correcting for point spread function telescope and optically thin emission lines, find that line-of-sight velocity dispersion hot is remarkably low mostly uniform. The reaches maxima approximately 200~km~s$^{-1}$ toward active galactic nucleus (AGN) AGN inflated...
Magnetars are a special type of neutron stars, considered to have extreme dipole magnetic fields reaching ∼ 10(11) T. The magnetar 4 U 0142+61, one the prototypes this class, was studied in broadband x rays (0.5-70 keV) with Suzaku observatory. In hard (15-40 keV), its 8.69 sec pulsations suffered slow phase modulations by ± 0.7 sec, period 15 h. When effect is interpreted as free precession star, object inferred deviate from spherical symmetry 1.6 × 10(-4) moments inertia. This deformation,...
The Hitomi SXS spectrum of the Perseus cluster, with $\sim$5 eV resolution in 2-9 keV band, offers an unprecedented benchmark atomic modeling and database for hot collisional plasmas. It reveals both successes challenges current codes. latest versions AtomDB/APEC (3.0.8), SPEX (3.03.00), CHIANTI (8.0) all provide reasonable fits to broad-band spectrum, are close agreement on best-fit temperature, emission measure, abundances a few elements such as Ni. For Fe abundance, APEC measurements...
Abstract Two types of high-energy events have been detected from thunderstorms. One is “terrestrial gamma-ray flashes” (TGFs), sub-millisecond emissions coinciding with lightning discharges. The other minute-lasting “gamma-ray glows”. Although both phenomena are thought to originate relativistic runaway electron avalanches in strong electric fields, the connection between them not well understood. Here we report unequivocal simultaneous detection a glow termination and downward TGF, observed...
We analyzed the ASCA X-ray data of 40 nearby clusters galaxies, whose intracluster-medium temperature distributes in range 0.9--10 keV. measured Si and Fe abundances intracluster medium, spatially averaging over each cluster, but excluding central $\sim 0.15 h_{50}^{-1}$ Mpc region order to avoid any possible abundance gradients complex structures. The these are 0.2--0.3 solar, with only weak dependence on hence cluster richness. In contrast, is observed increase from 0.3 0.6--0.7 solar...