An adaptively smart wireless power transfer (WPT) system is proposed by using a 2-bit programmable metasurface (PMS), in which an indoor dynamic charging application scenario described and near-field focused (NFF) technique adopted to transmit powers. Theoretical analyses of NFF PMS are presented illustrate its WPT capabilities. To implement WPTs, digital phase-shift quantization element investigated, indicating that scheme preferred solution. As experimental demonstrations, 12 × operating...

Programmable metasurface technology can achieve flexible manipulations of electromagnetic waves in real time by adjusting the surface structure and material properties has shown extraordinary potential many fields such as wireless communications Internet Things. However, most programmable metasurfaces have a common feature: tail (electrical wires DC powers), which is difficult to supply some particular application scenarios canyons mountains. To eliminate limitation power supply, transfer...

This letter proposes a new design of dual-band dual-polarized base station antenna with notch band for second-generation (2G), 3G, 4G, and the sub-6 GHz 5G systems. The is composed four-leaf loop radiator, two-layer parasitic annular disk pair crossed Y-shaped baluns. By introducing mouse-ear shaped arm to edge each operating characteristic from 2.9-3.2 are realized. disks gradient strips beneficial bandwidth enhancement. measured results show that proposed offers two broad bands fractional...

Abstract The integrated design of radiation and stealth holds significant importance for radar communication camouflage. Currently, systems primarily rely on radomes off‐band stealth. However, achieving in‐band by absorbing materials is challenging. Even more challenging the dynamic control both Therefore, a novel space‐time‐coding metasurface proposed modes regulation. By adjusting two PIN diodes loaded meta‐atom, switching between scattering can be achieved. A 1‐bit reflection phase...

Breathing is an important health metric for tracking diseases, and non-contact respiration detection under multitarget scenarios has attracted wide attention in recent years. However, conventional solutions are difficult to achieve breathing separation when people sit closely or sleep together sharing the same bed, otherwise complex hardware system required. In this context, article proposes MetaBreath: a high-resolution method based on space-time-coding (STC) digital metasurface. To design...

Abstract In recent years, reconfigurable intelligent metasurface (RIS) has gained much attention due to its flexibility in modulating the phase, amplitude, and polarization of electromagnetic waves. It is widely used for wireless power information transmission. However, RIS requires an external wired supply or batteries activate their modulation capabilities, as they do not generate required energy themselves. This paper presents a self‐powered that does require batteries. The capability...

In this paper, we propose a real-time reconfigurable metasurface unit-cell working at dual-band with polarization-independent manipulation of reflection and transmission wavefronts. The phases the designed digital programmable active element can be dynamically adjusted by states PIN diodes. to respond different functions in frequency bands, which makes it more flexible radiation characteristics. Both simulation experiment show that achieve good performances. This work offers new method for...

We discuss the generation and measurement of a Bessel vortex beam carrying multiple orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) modes in radio-frequency domain. Considering that high-order inherently has OAM modes, this paper, we propose to superpose these beams together, which can combine advantages orthogonality beam's nondiffraction property. A theoretical formula basic design method are presented. reflective metasurface is designed as launcher generate deflected carries two $\ensuremath{\ell}=1$...

This letter presents a new design and rectangular waveguide validation of wideband 2-bit reconfigurable reflective metasurface (RRM) element in the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</i> -band. The consists U-slot microstrip patch, ground plane, reflection-type phase shifter (RTPS) controlled by four p-i-n diodes. direct circuit (DC) biases are elaborated for RTPS so that only two DC bias lines required to regulate proposed RRM...

Modular multilevel converter (MMC) is one of the promising voltage source topologies in field high direct current (HVDC) transmission system. Based on analysis existing sub-module topologies, an improved half-bridge topology based reverse blocking IGBTs (RB-HBSM) was proposed for solving fault ride through issues. In this paper, mechanism and electrical stress main power switches are studied firstly detail. Then control flow chart presented. Feasibility protection theory verified by...

A novel broadband metasurface (MTS) antenna array with high front-to-back ratio (FBR) is proposed for 28 GHz millimeter-wave applications. With slot pairs loaded on patch cells, an aperture-coupled slotted-mushroom MTS designed to obtain radiation characteristics a compact size. To suppress the backward of this antenna, printed ridge gap waveguide (PRGW) technology perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) shielding made mushroom unit-cells underneath microstrip feeding line applied. On basis, 4 ×...

A self-decoupling wide-angle scanning pattern reconfigurable antenna array (PRAA) is proposed in this article. The problem of active element deviation caused by coupling PRAA has been solved, thereby improving the PRAA's ability for scanning. (PRA) composed a driving dipole with parasitic elements integrated p-i-n diodes. comb structures (CSs) are used as PRA to achieve PRAA. working mechanism CSs investigated characteristic mode analysis (CMA) theory. results indicate that can reduce...

Energy storage systems with multilevel converters play an important role in modern electric power large-scale renewable energy integration. This paper proposes a reverse-blocking modular converter for battery system (RB-MMC-BESS). Besides integrating distributed low-voltage batteries to medium or high voltage grids, the inherited advantages of traditional MMCs, RB-MMC-BESS also provides improved DC fault handling capability. analyzes such new configuration and its operating principles....

A novel direct ac-ac converter based on the switched-capacitor and series resonant principle, featuring with soft switching characteristic bidirectional power flow, is proposed in this paper. The consists of a LC tank, switched-capacitors reverse blocking IGBTs (RB-IGBT), resulting small size light weight; high efficiency achieved by adopting technology. Moreover, designed to apply for 220/110V AC/AC voltage conversion applications. In order demonstrate performance new converter, its...

In this paper, we propose the use of metasurfaces to enhance evanescent wave coupling improve wireless power transfer (WPT) efficiency multiple receivers. A 4 × negative permeability metasurface is designed and placed between transmitter (Tx) receiver (Rx) coils for greatest improvement in efficiency. Through analysis number position topologies Rx coils, can be greatly improved; maximum at longer transmission distances achieved through multiple−receiver system. We show with simulation...

Electrical lighting design is usually based on the illumination design. Its main task to ensure that electricity and optical system can be normal, safe, reliable, economically viable. In this paper, we propose a optimization method for outdoor systems generate relatively powerful light beams far distances. The are highly integrated LED modules instead of high intensity discharge lamps. size light-emitting surface 2.5mm×2.1mm, secondary elements composed basic plano-convex lens Fresnel lens....

A novel multi-layer metasurface absorber (MA) unit, which is optically transparent, broadband, wide-angle and polarization-insensitive, designed optimized for microwave antireflection based on the indium tin oxide (ITO) film. Theoretical simulation results show that proposed unit exhibits a high absorption response more than 90% from 5.4 GHz to 36.7 relative bandwidth about 148.7%. In addition, keeps good polarization insensitiveness wide-incident-angle stability characteristics with...

In this paper, we introduce a novel technique that utilizes randomly rotated elements (RREs) for the cross-polarization and axial ratio (AR) control of circularly polarized programmable metasurface (CPPMS). We evaluate CPPMS performance by comparing RREs layout with uniform (UEs) layout, analyze far-field radiation parameters 50 groups different layouts. Simulation results demonstrate consistent improved across various layouts, showcasing reduced enhanced AR beamwidth. To validate these...

In this paper, we present and design a tensor holographic metasurface (THMS) capable of radiating multiple beams with different polarizations in both forward backward directions. The proposed THMS manipulates the fundamental TE mode surface waves (SWs) to produce bidirectional leaky-wave radiation using bilayer anisotropic metal patches. To achieve independent control direction polarization beams, nature capacitive impedance element supporting SWs is exploited. A dual-feed scheme exciting...