Background Ischemic preconditioning is an important intrinsic mechanism for neuroprotection. Preconditioning can also be achieved by exposure of neurons to K+ channel-opening drugs that act on adenosine triphosphate-sensitive (K(ATP)) channels. However, these agents do not readily cross the blood-brain barrier. Inhalational anesthetics which easily partition into brain have been shown precondition various tissues. Here, authors explore neuronal effect modern inhalational and investigate...

Some electrophysiologic studies demonstrate new, excitatory alpha2-adrenoceptors on peripheral nociceptors and their dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cell bodies after nerve injury, yet administration of alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists at these sites reduces hypersensitivity rather than worsens it. Since TRPV-1 expressing nociceptor afferents are important in many pain states, we examined the expression this channel its co-expression with alpha2C-adrenoceptors injured DRG ability to inhibit responses...

Despite ongoing debates about its safety, the use of metamizole (dipyrone) is still increasing in many countries. In this study, we analysed spontaneous reports suspected metamizole-associated agranulocytosis recorded EudraVigilance database from 1985 to 2017 with regard patient and treatment characteristics as well fatal vs non-fatal outcomes compared these findings among A total 1448 31 different countries were included (Germany 42.0%; Spain 29.6%; Switzerland 13.1%; other 15.3%). Mean age...

Background Adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in brain are involved neuroprotective mechanisms. Pharmacologic activation of these is seen as beneficial, but clinical exploitation by using classic K channel openers hampered their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier. This different with inhalational anesthetic xenon, which recently has been suggested activate KATP channels; it partitions freely into brain. Methods To evaluate type and mechanism interaction xenon...

Children presenting with acute traumatic pain or in need of therapeutic diagnostic procedures require rapid and effective analgesia and/or sedation. Intranasal administration (INA) promises to be a reliable, minimally invasive delivery route. However, INA is still underused Germany. We hence developed protocol for therapy (APT) urgent sedation (UAS). Our aim was evaluate the effectiveness safety our protocol.We performed prospective observational study tertiary children's hospital Pediatric...

Pain is a common and distressing symptom experienced by intensive care patients. Assessing pain in this environment challenging, published guidelines have been inconsistently implemented. The Assessment INTensive (PAINT) study aimed to evaluate the frequency type of physician assessments with respect guidelines. This observational service evaluation considered all analgesia-related entries patients' records over 24-h period, 45 adult units (ICUs) London South-East England. Data were...

There is an increasing interest in the identification of predictors for individual responses to analgesics and surgical pain. In this study, we aimed determine psychological factors that might contribute response. We hence investigated patients undergoing a standardized intervention (open nephrectomy).Between May 2014 April 2015, conducted prospective observational cohort study. The following tests were administered preoperatively: Mini-Mental State Examination, Amsterdam Preoperative...

Abstract To identify robust and reproducible methods of cerebellar morphometry that can be used in future large-scale structural MRI studies, we investigated the replicability, repeatability, long-term reproducibility three fully automated software tools: FreeSurfer, CEREbellum Segmentation (CERES), automatic cerebellum anatomical parcellation using U-Net with locally constrained optimization (ACAPULCO). Replicability was defined as computational determined by comparing two analyses same...

Abstract Chronic pain is often associated with changes in brain structure and function, also cognitive deficits. It has been noted that these chronic pain-related alterations may resemble found healthy aging, thus represent accelerated or premature aging of the brain. Here, we test hypothesis patients noncancer demonstrate compared control subjects. The predicted age 59 (mean chronological ± SD: 53.0 9.0 years; 43 women) 60 pain-free controls (52.6 44 was determined using software brainageR...

Background Previous studies suggest that the alpha adrenoceptor subtype is target for spinally administered -adrenergic agonists, clonidine, pain relief. However, ST 91, a preferential agonist, induces antinociception, and intrathecally antisense oligodeoxynucleotide decreases antinociception induced by clonidine in rat, suggesting non-A sites may be important as well. Therefore, authors examined of activated 91 normal rats those with nerve injury-induced hypersensitivity. Methods The same...

Abstract Spontaneous reporting is based on the experience of all healthcare professionals (HCPs) but also consumers/non‐HCPs and therefore reveals a broad picture drug's adverse reactions. Recent studies found substantial differences between reports from these varying sources including reports' completeness. Using example opioid‐associated abuse, dependence, or withdrawal, this study analyzed completeness characteristics spontaneous Germany focusing reporter. Based EudraVigilance data, we...

Our aim was to investigate whether ascorbic acid can reduce reactive oxygen metabolite-mediated acute lung injury. The effects of intravenous administration Escherichia coli endotoxin were studied, with and without infusion, on haemodynamics, lymph flow, cardio-respiratory neutrophil function in chronically instrumented sheep. Paired experiments performed eight sheep which they received either alone (0.5 micrograms kg-1 b.w.) (ET group) or combination an infusion (1 g b.w. bolus injection...

Recent advances in imaging have improved our understanding of the role brain painful conditions. Discoveries morphological changes been made patients with chronic pain, little known about functional consequences when they occur areas associated 'number-sense'; thus, it can be hypothesized that pain impairs this sense.First, an audit use numbers gold-standard assessment tools acute and was undertaken. Secondly, experiments were conducted healthy controls. Participants marked positions on...

Chronic pain (CP) is linked to changes in cognitive function. However, little known about its influence on number sense, despite the fact that intact numerical-spatial processing a prerequisite for valid scale-based assessments. This study aimed elucidate whether sense changed CP, determine if have an impact assessments using rating scales and what patient factors might contribute. N = 42 CP patients n matched controls were analyzed (age range: 33-68 years). Numerical-spatial abilities...

The non-opioid analgesic metamizole (dipyrone) is commonly used in Germany despite its narrow indications and market withdrawal from several countries. In this study we analyzed prescribing patterns of focusing on regional differences. source data was the "Information system for health care data" which includes statutory insurance funds about 70 million Germans. We received aggregated individuals with at least one prescription 2010 as well number prescribed packages by age, sex, state...

Background Spinally injected adenosine induces antinociception in animal models of neuropathic but not acute pain. The reasons for this discrepancy remain unclear. Adenosine receptors are coupled to G proteins, and increased efficiency adenosine-induced G-protein activity pain could contribute the antinociceptive effect adenosine. In study authors used [(35)S]guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) ([(35)S]GTP gamma S) autoradiography rat spinal cord sections test possibility. Methods cords...

Background The positive allosteric adenosine receptor modulator, T62 (2-amino-3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzothiophene), has been shown to reduce mechanical allodynia in a rat model of neuropathic pain. However, whether chronic oral retains efficacy this pain not examined. Therefore, the authors studied antiallodynic effects spinal nerved-ligated rats, as well motor and sedative behavioral effects. Methods Oral T62, 100 mg/kg, or oil was applied daily nerve-ligated rats for 4...