As the road conditions are completely unknown in design of a suspension controller, an improved linear quadratic and Gaussian distributed (LQG) controller is proposed for active system without considering input signals. The main purpose to optimize vehicle body acceleration, pitching angular displacement system, tire dynamic deflection comprehensively. Meanwhile, it will extend applicability LQG controller. Firstly, half-vehicle mathematical models established, with weight coefficients each...

In solving partial differential equations (PDEs), Fourier Neural Operators (FNOs) have exhibited notable effectiveness compared to Convolutional Networks (CNNs). This paper presents clear empirical evidence through spectral analysis elucidate the superiority of FNO over CNNs: is significantly more capable learning low-frequencies. also unveils FNO's distinct low-frequency bias, which limits in high-frequency information from PDE data. To tackle this challenge, we introduce SpecBoost, an...

Triarylmethanes are important molecules in organic chemistry. This review discusses advances their synthesis summarized five categories according to the starting materials: (1) benzyl reagents with different leaving groups, such as alcohols, ethers, esters, phosphates, sulfones, thioethers, sulfonamide, 1,3-dicarbonyls, and ammonium salts; (2) reactions via para- or ortho-quinone methides; (3) arylation of halides; (4) C–H activation methylenes; (5) aldehydes N-tosylhydrazones....

This paper proposes a hybrid fault-tolerant control strategy for nonlinear active suspension subjected to actuator faults and road disturbances. First, an augmented closed-loop system model is established the with Then, based on this model, controller that consists of nominal state-feedback robust H ∞ observer proposed stabilize plant under fault-free condition further compensate performance loss fault condition. Finally, half-vehicle example exploited demonstrate effectiveness various...

This paper focuses on the fault‐tolerant control (FTC) problem for an electric power steering (EPS) system subjected to stochastic sensor failures, and a novel controller is proposed based genetic algorithm (GA). A mathematical model of EPS with failures first established, state feedback law solved by using linear quadratic regulator techniques stabilize closed‐loop system. Then, dynamic response errors without faults are chosen as optimization objective function. Furthermore, appropriate...

An enhanced variable-universe fuzzy controller design approach is proposed for a vehicle semi-active suspension system that combines the conventional universe control algorithm with neural network theory. First, mathematical model of establis hed, taking road excitation into account. Then, inference unit constructed by using algorithm, which able to regulate input/output variables logic in real-time. It can also avoid problem excessive reliance on expert experience selecting...

This paper proposes an observer-based active fault-tolerant controller for a half-vehicle suspension system subjected to the actuator fault as nonzero offset fault. By constructing augmented model, H∞ weighted output feedback was developed improve vehicle dynamics performances under fault-free condition. Moreover, robust observer designed make accurate estimation of information with auxiliary diagnosis and further develop compensation controller, such that closed-loop control can eliminate...

Movable bridges involve a combination of structural, mechanical and electrical components with specific kinetic characteristics in operation. This paper presents the structural evaluation, analysis innovative retrofit design rehabilitation an 80 year old rolling lift bascule bridge Tianjin, China. Structural inspection evaluation were first performed; decision was made to preserve original style re-enable function by replacing severely corroded members deck system, re-balancing...

Abstract The conventional thermal network model for satellite surface temperature distribution is directly solved by a new solution method on the basis of Monte Carlo Ray Tracing (MCRT) method. solar direct incidence area, radiation transfer coefficient, infrared and conduction coefficients are calculated statistical analysis rather than Gebhart approach. advantage MCRT that material characteristics taken into account in solving process. effect absorptivity emissivity distributions analyzed...

Efficient and safe distribution network is crucial to the economic efficiency competitiveness of enterprises. Based on current status Measurement Center State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Company, this paper aims build a multi-product route optimization model with minimum total cost maximum vehicle loading rate for different demand characteristics. The solved applied by CPLEX software verified actual data. can not only meet existing requirements services, but also provide solution scheduling...

Polymer flooding is one of the important measures to exploit remaining oil in middle and high water cut fields. And key success polymer selection well. Pressure index (PI) degree fullness (FD) are significant parameters, which commonly used for project design injection well performance analysis China, due their economical application. However, PI FD insufficient discrimination calculation method, can only reflect present heterogeneity formation. As a result, efficiency decision might be not...

Abstract In power system, the probability of distribution network failure is highest, which will directly affect consumption experience customers. The timely and accurate fault location very important to improve reliability supply. this paper, firstly, switch function evaluation are discussed. ACA(Ant Colony Algorithm) algorithm has some defects such as premature convergence. order solve problem, IACA(Improvement Ant method proposed. Finally, feasibility effectiveness new verified by...