Development of modern high-performance insensitive energetic materials is significant because the increasing demands for both military and civilian applications. Here we propose a rapid facile strategy called "layer hydrogen bonding pairing approach" to organize molecules via layer-by-layer stacking, which grants access tunable with targeted properties. Using this strategy, an unusual salt, hydroxylammonium 4-amino-furazan-3-yl-tetrazol-1-olate, good detonation performances excellent...

Molecular modification of known explosives is considered to be an efficient route design new energetic materials. A family salts based on the 3,5-bis(dinitromethyl)-1,2,4-triazole monoanion and dianion were controllably synthesized by using 1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene as a precursor. X-ray structure determination monohydrazinium 3,5-bis(dinitromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolate (5) monoammonium (6) diammonium hydrate (8·H2O) further confirmed structures these anions. In addition, supported data, in...

Abstract Environmentally acceptable alternatives to toxic lead‐based primary explosives are becoming increasingly important for energetic materials. In this study, potassium 4,4′‐bis(dinitromethyl)‐3,3′‐azofurazanate, comprising two dinitromethyl groups and an azofurazan moiety, was synthesized isolated as a new 3D metal–organic framework (MOF). Several attractive properties, including density of 2.039 g cm −3 , decomposition temperature 229 °C, detonation velocity 8138 m s −1 pressure 30.1...

Highly energetic 3,4-di(nitramino)furazan (1, DNAF) was synthesized and confirmed structurally by using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Its highly sensitive nature can be attributed to the shortage of hydrogen-bonding interactions an interactive nitro chain in crystal structure. In order stabilize this structure, a series corresponding nitrogen-rich salts (3-10) has been prepared fully characterized. Among these materials, dihydrazinium 3,4-dinitraminofurazanate (5) exhibits very promising...

Abstract This study presents the synthesis and characterization of oxidation products 3,6‐diazido‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine ( 1 ) 6‐amino‐[1,5‐ b ]tetrazolo‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine 2 ). 3,6‐Diazido‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine‐1,4‐dioxide was produced from with peroxytrifluoroacetic acid, more effectively using hypofluorous can be oxidized to two different products, 6‐amino‐[1,5‐b]tetrazolo‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine mono‐N‐oxide di‐N‐oxide. These N‐oxide compounds display promising performance properties as energetic materials.

Mechanistic studies involving synergistic experiment and theory were performed on the perfectly alternating copolymerization of 1-butene oxide carbic anhydride using a (salph)AlCl/[PPN]Cl catalytic pair. These showed first-order dependence polymerization rate epoxide, zero-order cyclic anhydride, catalyst only if two members pair are treated as single unit. Studies model complexes that mixed alkoxide/carboxylate aluminum intermediate preferentially opens over epoxide. In addition,...

Abstract A family of 3,6‐dinitropyrazolo[4,3‐c]pyrazole‐based energetic compounds was synthesized by using versatile N ‐functionalization strategies. Subsequently, nine ionic derivatives the , N′ ‐(3,6‐dinitropyrazolo[4,3‐c]pyrazole‐1,4‐diyl)dinitramidate anion were prepared acid‐base reactions and fully characterized infrared, multinuclear NMR spectra, elemental analysis. The structures four these further confirmed single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Based on their different physical...

Abstract A planar energetic molecule with high density, 5,5′‐dinitramino‐3,3′‐azo‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole ( 4 ), was obtained by the nitration of 5,5′‐diamino‐3,3′‐azo‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole using 100 % nitric acid. In addition, selected nitrogen‐rich salts were prepared. Of them, neutral compound and its hydroxylammonium salt, 6 , further confirmed single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Physicochemical properties including thermal stability, sensitivity investigated. The performance from calculated heats...

Abstract Several new energetic ethyl ethers of 1,2,4,5‐tetrazine have been synthesized. These molecules display good thermal stability, oxygen balance, and high densities. Included in these studies are a 2,2,2‐trinitroethoxy two fluorodinitroethoxy 1,2,4,5‐tetrazines. One compounds was converted into the di‐N‐oxide derivative. The sensitivity materials towards destructive stimuli determined, overall show promising performance properties.

3-Nitroamino-4-(5-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)furazan monohydrate (<bold>2</bold>·H₂O), which is a combination of the nitroaminofurazan and 1,3,4-oxadiazole rings, was obtained by nitration 3-amino-4-(5-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)furazan (<bold>1</bold>) with 100% nitric acid.

Dinitraminobisfuroxans and their salts were synthesized; detonation performances improved with the presence of <italic>N</italic>-oxide functionality making them competitive high energy materials.

Abstract N‐Nitramino/N‐oxyl functionalization strategies were employed to investigate structure–property relationships of energetic materials. Based on single‐crystal diffraction data, π–π stacking pyrazole backbones can be tailored effectively by functionalities, thereby resulting in diversified compounds. Among them, hydroxylammonium 4‐amino‐3,5‐dinitro‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐olate and dipotassium N,N′‐(3,5‐dinitro‐1H‐pyrazol‐1,4‐diyl)dinitramidate, with unique face‐to‐face stacking, potentially...

This work demonstrates the fine-tuning of properties energetic compounds by bridging different azole based rings.

Extensive H-bond interactions in four aminated azoles give them comprehensive properties, such as high density, good thermal stability and reasonable sensitivity well detonation performance.

This work demonstrates the synthesis of asymmetric ethylene bridged azole based compounds with two way control energetic properties.

Abstract A single nitrogen‐rich heterocyclic ring with many energetic groups is expected to exhibit excellent detonation performance. We report an effective approach for the synthesis of 3‐amino‐5‐nitramino‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole, which has nitramino and amino in same building block. The single‐crystal X‐ray structure shows layered hydrogen‐bonding pairs as well presence a water molecule ensure insensitivity. Through incorporation cation, hydrazinium or hydroxylammonium salts good performance...

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions of <italic>N</italic>-nitro-substituted azoles lead to the formation C–N bonded biheterocyclic energetic compounds.

Light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEECs) offer the potential for high efficiency operation from an inexpensive device. However, long turn-on times and low luminance under steady-state are longstanding LEEC issues. Here, we present a single-layer with custom-designed iridium(III) complex lithium salt additive enhanced device performance. These devices display reduced response times, modest lifetimes, peak luminances as 5500 cd/m2, 80% higher than comparable unoptimized 50% salt-free...

A series of fused ring-based nitrate esters/azides and a coupled-ring-based ester were prepared as high energy density materials.

A series of bisnitramide-bridging energetic compounds was designed and synthesized based on amino/nitro-functionalized furazans with methyl-NNO-azoxy, 1,2,4-oxadiazol 3-hydrazino(imino)methyl side-chain groups.

Abstract 3,5‐Dinitrimino‐1,2,4‐triazole ( 2 ) with three protons has the potential of deprotonation to form energetic salts. Neutralization 50 % hydroxylamine in varying molar ratios leads formation corresponding mono/dihydroxylammonium Additionally compound 5 , an ammonia oxide adduct dihydroxylammonium 3,5‐dinitramino‐1,2,4‐triazolate, was prepared when excess used. The structures 3 – are supported by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. properties new materials competitive. Utilization...

Abstract Environmentally acceptable alternatives to toxic lead‐based primary explosives are becoming increasingly important for energetic materials. In this study, potassium 4,4′‐bis(dinitromethyl)‐3,3′‐azofurazanate, comprising two dinitromethyl groups and an azofurazan moiety, was synthesized isolated as a new 3D metal–organic framework (MOF). Several attractive properties, including density of 2.039 g cm −3 , decomposition temperature 229 °C, detonation velocity 8138 m s −1 pressure 30.1...

A series of cationic iridium complexes with bulky, hydrophobic phenyl substituents, doped LiPF₆, in single-layer light-emitting electrochemical cells display reduced response times, modest lifetimes, and high luminances.

In the design of advanced energetic materials, high-density explosophores play a pivotal role because their remarkable enhancement both density and molecular stability. Using diversified functionalization strategies, comparative study involving various nitropyrazole anions shows that these are crucially important in determining performance A promising family pyrazole-based ionic derivatives were synthesized characterized by NMR IR spectroscopies, elemental analysis. Among them, 7, 8, 11-13...

Large nitramino-substituted furazan anions were combined with small cations (hydroxylammonium, hydrazinium, and ammonium) to form a series of energetic salts that was fully characterized. The structures several the compounds (1 a, 2 3 4 a) further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Based on their physiochemical properties, such as density, thermal stability, sensitivity, together calculated detonation it found they exhibit good performance have potential application...