The roles of reactive astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the correlation between plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) amyloid-β are emerging. Among 133 patients with cognitive complaints from multi-center memory clinics Thailand, 73 had AD as defined either by cerebrospinal fluid core biomarkers or amyloid PET. Plasma GFAP demonstrated an AUC 0.74 (95%CI: 0.65–0.83) for detecting showed large effects on identifying status Cohen's d = 0.81 (95%CI 0.44–1.18). LOESS regression...

Abstract Background We report the first case of COVID-19 associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) without pulmonary disease in a patient with an extremely high interleukin-6 (IL-6) level and Ran Binding Protein 2 ( RANBP2 ) mutation. Case presentation A 29-year-old woman recently immunized inactivated viral vaccine—BBIBP32-CorV (Sinopharm) presented alteration consciousness. Her body temperature was 37° Celsius, blood pressure 42/31 mmHg, heart rate 130 bpm, respiratory 20 per...

Abstract INTRODUCTION Plasma phosphorylated tau (p‐tau)217 is a promising biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis, but its clinical implementation remains challenging. We propose strategy based on Bayes’ theorem and test it in real‐life memory clinics. METHODS Memory clinic patients were evaluated by neurocognitive specialists prespecified diagnosis subsequently underwent blood collection p‐tau217, cerebrospinal fluid, or amyloid positron emission tomography. Using cross‐validation,...

Background Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. One possible predictor the use biomarkers especially neurofilament light chain (NFL). Objectives To explore whether NFL could predict clinical outcome hemorrhagic transformation in moderate to severe stroke. Design Single center prospective cohort study. Methods Fifty-one ischemic patients were recruited. Blood was obtained from at admission (First sample) 24-96 hours later (Second sample). analyzed with...

Despite the substantial accuracy of plasma p-tau in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD) research cohorts, data on real-life memory clinic patients are lacking.Memory at their early symptomatic stages were prospectively enrolled to undergo routine clinical assessment, p-tau181 quantification (Simoa), amyloid and tau-positron emission tomography (PET). The diagnostic performance p-tau181, neurocognitive specialists, regional tau-PET compared head-to-head using amyloid-PET as reference...

Abstract Neurofilament light chain has become a promising biomarker for neuroaxonal injury; however, its diagnostic utility is limited to chronic disorders or specific contexts. Alteration of consciousness common clinical problem with diverse aetiologies, many which require timely diagnoses. We evaluated the value neurofilament alone, as well creating models, in distinguishing causes alteration consciousness. Patients presenting were enrolled. Initial data each participant by neurologist...

Abstract Background Biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in blood samples has the potential to facilitate early diagnosis and improve accuracy of AD diagnosis. Plasma phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) is a key biomarker AD; however, its utility estimating prevalence screening cognitive impairment still limited. Method The study recruited 71 participants over age 40. p‐tau 217 levels neuropsychological data were measured. was estimated using pre‐defined cut‐off derived from an independent cohort...

Abstract Background Dementia poses an escalating socioeconomic challenge, yet evidence suggests potential prevention through proactive correction of risk factors and multidomain interventions. In cost‐conscious Thailand, targeting prevalent may offer the most feasible strategy for disease prevention, ultimately alleviating healthcare burdens. Method Non‐demented participants were consecutively selected from INDIE cohort, a longitudinal study on cognitive aging at Chulalongkorn University in...

Abstract Background Episodic memory change is among the earliest symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Accumulation neurofibrillary tangles in limbic regions serves as a key indicator initial tau abnormality. This study aimed to investigate correlations between episodic and quantitative deposition specifically Braak stage 3‐4 Limbic participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) dementia. Method Participants diagnosed MCI dementia were recruited from clinic at King Chulalongkorn Memorial...

Abstract Background Tau‐PET and plasma phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) have emerged as pivotal biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease. Despite the practical advantages of using p‐tau, there is limited understanding regarding its relationship with topographic distribution tau‐PET, particularly within Southeast Asian population. This study aims to elucidate correlation between p‐tau levels spatial patterns observed in tau‐PET among Thai patients diagnosed amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or...

Abstract Background The blood‐brain barrier (BBB) is considered the crucial part of neuroprotection from various neurological insults including infection, inflammation, and neurodegeneration Alzheimer’s disease (AD). cerebral small vessel (CSVD) pathologies especially microbleeds (CMBs) gadolinium enhancement might reflect disruption BBB. correlation between BBB permeability measured by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/plasma albumin quotient (Qalb) CSVD biomarkers poorly understood. Thus, we aim...

Abstract Background Aging is an established confounding factor influencing the plasma levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL). While age‐specific cutoff values for NfL in healthy Caucasian populations have been documented, potential variations ethnically and socioeconomically underrepresented remain underexplored. This study aims to evaluate acceptability proposed Thai population. Method The included 233 participants aged 18 years above, drawn from Comprehensive Geriatric Clinic at King...

Abstract Background Tauopathy is recognized not only as a pathological substrate but also exhibits robust correlation with the clinical manifestations of dementia, leading to diverse neuropsychiatric manifestation. However, human brain functions networks rather than modules. The conventional query 'Where lesion (regionally)?’ may inadequately capture entirety dementia manifestations. Therefore, direction focus networks, regions, represents nature and provide insights beyond blood regional...

Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is referred as one of the most common causes dementia and frailty. To address this impending public health crisis, there a critical need to identify simple reliable biomarkers for early AD diagnosis. Recent research has highlighted potential utility salivary lactoferrin (Lf) promising biomarker In study, we aim assess Lf levels in early‐stage patients comparison nondemented elderly controls with goal further elucidating diagnostic biomarker, may...

Abstract Background The validation of blood‐based biomarkers presents a promising role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis owing to their accessibility and diminished invasiveness. However, despite awareness confounding factors like kidney function, inaccuracies persist AD using plasma p‐tau. Notably, diverse conditions that modify blood‐brain barrier (BBB) permeability have been linked high p‐tau levels, irrespective pathophysiology. Methods Data were sourced from pooling participants...

Abstract Background Plasma tau phosphorylated at Thr217 (p‐tau217) has demonstrated excellent performance in identifying individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) both research and memory clinic settings. Nonetheless, implementing plasma p‐tau217 into clinical practice remains a challenge requiring careful judgement conservative interpretation near the cutpoint. The present study proposes strategy that utilizes Bayes theorem considering context, individualized (ie. non‐binary) likelihood...

Abstract Background The roles of reactive astrogliosis in response to the accumulation amyloid‐β (Aβ) and early tau phosphorylation Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been more elucidated. Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) has taken spotlight, following phosphorylated (p‐tau), evaluating patients with AD. In this study, we aimed assess performance plasma GFAP compared other biomarkers. Method We consecutively evaluated cognitive complaints from two memory clinics Bangkok, Thailand:...

Abstract Background Dementia is a critical concern in the aging population, and understanding biomarkers associated with cognitive trajectories can provide valuable insights to improve diagnosis intervention strategies. Method We conducted our study at geriatric check‐up clinic King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, focusing on healthy cohort of older adults aged 60 or without dementia. This included patients available plasma p‐tau181 levels (Quanterix, Simoa) concurrent evaluations no more...

Abstract Background Tauopathy is recognized not only as a pathological substrate but also exhibits robust correlation with the clinical manifestations of dementia, leading to diverse neuropsychiatric manifestation. However, human brain functions networks rather than modules. The conventional query 'Where lesion (regionally)?’ may inadequately capture entirety dementia manifestations. Therefore, direction focus networks, regions, represents nature and provide insights beyond blood regional...

Abstract Background The blood‐brain barrier (BBB) is considered the crucial part of neuroprotection from various neurological insults including infection, inflammation, and neurodegeneration Alzheimer’s disease (AD). cerebral small vessel (CSVD) pathologies especially microbleeds (CMBs) gadolinium enhancement might reflect disruption BBB. correlation between BBB permeability measured by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/plasma albumin quotient (Qalb) CSVD biomarkers poorly understood. Thus, we aim...

Abstract The lack of a dedicated surveillance program for prion disease, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), has hindered the global effort to address this public health threat. Although cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Real‐time quaking‐induced conversion (RT‐QuIC) is considered most reliable test sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (sCJD), its availability LMICs limited because cost technical difficulty generating recombinant protein substrate (recPrP). This study aimed...

Abstract Background Anti‐amyloid‐β therapies have been approved to treat mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and amnestic cognitive impairment (aMCI) due AD. Therefore, diagnosis of AD pathologies is crucial for selecting patients treatment. Positron emission topography (PET) used detect biomarkers β‐amyloid (A) tau (T). However, the availability PET still limited. Neuropsychological tests may help select who are likely pathologies. This study aims a scale with high performance in aMCI patients....

Abstract Background The identification of biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in blood samples has the potential to facilitate early diagnosis and improve accuracy AD diagnosis. Plasma phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) is a promising biomarker AD; however, its utility estimating prevalence screening cognitive impairment non‐demented populations yet be explored Thailand. Method study recruited 110 participants over age 40 from family members patients attending neurology clinic. p‐tau 181 levels...