Metasurfaces have opened the door to next-generation optical devices due their ability dramatically modulate electromagnetic waves at will using periodically arranged nanostructures. However, metasurfaces typically static responses with fixed geometries of nanostructures, which poses challenges for implementing transition technology by replacing conventional components. To solve this problem, liquid crystals (LCs) been actively employed designing tunable adjustable birefringent in real time....

Advancements in micro/nanofabrication have enabled the realization of practical micro/nanoscale photonic devices such as absorbers, solar cells, metalenses, and metaholograms. Although performance these has been improved by enhancing design flexibility structural materials through advanced fabrication methods, achieving large-area high-throughput tiny remains a challenge. In this aspect, various technologies investigated for realizing mass production consisting micro/nanostructural...

Abstract Crystalline titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) (anatase and rutile) possesses a higher refractive index than amorphous TiO near‐zero absorption in the visible region, making them an ideal material for metasurfaces. However, fabrication limitations hinder their implementation into flat optics. In this work, wafer‐scale manufacturing platform is proposed crystalline Sol–gel developed as printable which its phase can be precisely controlled to produce amorphous, anatase, or rutile, depending on...

Abstract Metasurfaces have emerged as a rapidly advancing technology enabling easy‐to‐integrate planar photonic devices, owing to their exceptional control of light‐matter interaction at subwavelength scale. They offer unique optical functionalities for various applications, including medical imaging. Despite early successes, fixed capabilities and narrow operational bandwidths limit integration into advanced chip‐scale systems. Addressing the need ultra‐compact, high‐performance UV–Vis...

Structured beams carrying orbital angular momentum carry significant potential for various applications, including optical trapping, manipulations, communications, microscopy, and so on. Among these, perfect vortex (PV) are highly attractive due to their immunity topological charge variations nondiffracting properties. However, conventional PV beam generation methods typically operate at a single wavelength rely on bulky components, complicating photonic device integration. To address this,...

This paper presents the development of a transverse flux linear motor (TFLM) with permanent-magnet excitation for Stocker system, which is used transferring glasses in liquid crystal display industry. Magnetic field analyzed by three-dimensional equivalent magnetic circuit network method and two-dimensional finite-element analysis to determine influence end effect mover on performance TFLM. The experimental results prototyped are good agreement ones.

Permanent magnet (PM)-type transverse flux linear motors (TFLMs) are electromagnetic devices which can develop directly powerful motion. The unique configuration makes power of output higher than longitudinal motors, but also it characteristic analysis difficulties. This paper deals with an effective PM-type TFLM by 3-D equivalent magnetic circuit network method (EMCNM). presents optimum design to reduce the weight machine constraints thrust and detent force using response surface...

The aim of this paper is to present optimal design process and optimized model transverse flux rotary motor. stator rotor tooth shapes are reduce cogging torque. Design experiment response surface methodology used as an optimization method all the experimental samples obtained from three-dimensional finite-element analysis. validity verified by comparing initial

The transverse flux machine (TFM) is a promising driving machine, especially for the low-speed applications, because it has greater power density, torque, and efficiency than conventional electrical motors. However, TFM complicated structure, large torque ripple, and, occasionally, an unbalanced magnetic force. This paper investigates effects of teeth geometry on ripple force in rotatory two-phase using 3-D finite element method, proposes with herringbone to reduce eliminate

The design optimisation of geometrical dimensions and parameters the magnetically excited transverse flux linear motor (TFM-LM) used in railway traction systems is presented. achieved using 3D-FE field program. Optimisation begins with basic configuration TFM-LM electrical determined by analytical expressions. relations are obtained from magnetic equivalent circuit for model short primary traction. aim this process to improve force per weight obtain an ideal proportion between normal force....

This paper presents the static characteristics of linear BLDC motor. An equivalent magnetic circuit model is derived for prototype The air-gap flux density calculated using and compared with results from finite element analysis. thrust force measured motor also those FEA. These values agree well to show validity model. Using this model, variation according change coil width pole pitch can be expected at design stage.

Labels with structural color based on photonic crystals (PCs) have drawn significant attention due to their unique emission, offering promising solutions for anti-counterfeiting applications. However, meet the demands of future high-security applications, conventional labels require further improvement. This study introduces a novel approach fabricate highly encrypted by combining close-packed and non-close-packed monolayers nanoparticles (NPs) onto adhesive surfaces. The crystals, arranged...

In this paper, a transverse flux reluctance motor circuit-field model, based on variable equivalent air gap permeance concept, is introduced. The core nonlinearity fully considered through saturation factor, calculated with the support of finite-element method (FEM) analysis. A simplified model variant developed and values are compared ones obtained by FEM provides simple analytical expressions useful for dynamic analysis as well online control

This paper presents methods to calculate motor parameters considering magnetic nonlinearity in solid core transverse flux linear motors (TFLM) for dynamic simulation. The field characteristics of the machine are analyzed by using 3-D equivalent circuit network (3-D EMCN) method, and simulation such as linkage flux, thrust, attraction force, loss calculated analysis results. used a form lookup table model. accuracy method is examined comparison input currents which model measured an example TFLM.

DG (distributed generation) using microturbine is accepted as typical and practical solution because of its environment-friendliness high energy efficiency. Various applications such peak shaving, cogeneration, remote power premium will make penetration more wide-spread. Microturbine very speed prime mover, mechanical transformed to electricity by PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous machine). In this paper, we present analysis test results for microturbine. These verification procedures show...

This paper proposes an effective method to calculate inductance and static thrust of a permanent magnet (PM)-type transverse flux linear motor (TFLM). The proposed is simple fast way considering three-dimensional (3-D) path the TFLM, it can be used not only in characteristic assessment, but also design process. Two-dimensional (2-D) finite element analysis (FEA) 3-D equivalent magnetic circuit network (EMCN) are conducted analyze field. usefulness verified by comparison with measurement results.

This paper proposes and investigates a new configuration of flux reversal linear synchronous motor(FRLSM). Two models are introduced analyzed by 2-D finite element method(FEM) for simulation comparisons. Finite analysis(FEA) shows that the proposed model generates about 239% higher thrust density than basic model.

This paper presents optimum design of transverse flux linear motor (TFLM) to reduce the weight machine with constraints thrust and detent force. Employing penalty functions, each constraint is included in characteristic function, response value determined by three dimensional magnetic field analyses. Finally, contribution effect variable on function evaluated analysis means (ANOM), set determined. With this procedure, initially designed TFLM can be reduced 10% small variation force

Abstract This study introduces a constrained many‐objective optimization approach for the optimal design of 20 MW direct drive (DD) permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs). Designing high‐performance, competitive DD‐PMSG requires considering generator's performance as well its weight and material cost. Therefore, we focus on four main characteristics our objectives: (1) specific power (power per weight), (2) power‐per‐cost, (3) efficiency, (4) factor. To achieve this, apply an...