A5084979688- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Geological and Tectonic Studies in Latin America
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Geological formations and processes
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Maritime and Coastal Archaeology
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Geological and Geophysical Studies Worldwide
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods
- Marine and environmental studies
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques
University of Florida
2015-2024
American Geophysical Union
2013
University of Alaska Fairbanks
2013
Columbia University
1976-2012
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2006-2012
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
1997-2012
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
1976-2012
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
2012
University of Hawaii System
2012
University of Washington
2012
One‐atmosphere experiments conducted on a synthetic glass similar to Galapagos Spreading Center (GSC) FeTi basalt (POO.82N2), (Byerly et al., 1976) define liquid lines of descent at f O2 values between the quartz‐fayalite‐magnetite (QFM) buffer and 2 log units more oxidizing than nickle‐nickle oxide (NNO) buffer. The provide framework for understanding development basalts by fractionation near‐ocean floor conditions. GSC lavas from near 85°W initially follow compositional trend,...
Data from a suite of closely spaced lava flows recovered within the axial summit caldera and on crestal plateau East Pacific Rise around lat 9°31′N indicate that eruptions this fast-spreading part mid-ocean ridge occur throughout region are not restricted to axis. These contribute complex distribution basalts various ages significant thickening seismic layer 2A away axis in our study area. Small-scale (<600 m) diversity nonsystematic types may reflect rapid changes magma chemistry during...
Two-thirds of Earth's surface is formed at mid-ocean ridges, yet sea-floor spreading events are poorly understood because they occur far beneath the ocean surface. At 9 degrees 50'N on East Pacific Rise, ocean-bottom seismometers recently recorded microearthquake character a ridge eruption, including precursory activity. A gradual ramp-up in activity rates since seismic monitoring began this site October 2003 suggests that eruptions may be forecast fast-spreading environment. The pattern...
The geology and stratigraphic relationships of the Cayman Ridge, Nicaraguan Plateau, mid-Cayman spreading center, which have been determined from succession rocks recovered at 80 dredge stations in Trench, are consistent with inferred crustal structure region deduced published geophysical data. Ridge Plateau composed metamorphic, plutonic, volcanic, sedimentary, carbonate rock units that typically crop out along continental margins island arcs. In contrast, trench floor is mafic ultramafic...
Whereas the majority of eruptions at oceanic spreading centers produce lavas with relatively homogeneous mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) compositions, formation tholeiitic andesites and dacites ridges (MORs) is a petrological enigma. Eruptions MOR high-silica are typically associated discontinuities have produced regionally significant volumes lava. Andesites been observed sampled several locations along global system; these include propagating tips ridge–transform intersections on Juan de...
The mineralogy of the oceanic basalt source region is examined by testing whether a peridotite can yield observed whole-rock and olivine compositions from (1) Hawaiian Islands, our type example mantle plume, (2) Siqueiros Transform, which provides primitive samples normal mid-ocean ridge basalt. New compositional data phase 2 Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project (HSDP2) show that higher Ni-in-olivine at Islands due to temperatures (T) melt generation processing (by c. 300°C) related plume. DNi...
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The nature and morphological characteristics of axial summit troughs on fast (∼90–130 mm/yr −1 full spreading rate) superfast (>130 ) mid‐ocean ridge crests reflect the time‐integrated effects long‐term magmatic cycles, short‐term volcanic episodicity, tensional stress regime imposed young ocean crust. Two principal types trough morphology have been identified associated with distinct tectonic processes occurring at crests. (1) Narrow troughs, <∼200 m wide <∼15 deep, are termed...
Research Article| December 01, 2007 New insights into mid-ocean ridge volcanic processes from the 2005–2006 eruption of East Pacific Rise, 9°46′N–9°56′N S. Adam Soule; Soule 1Geology & Geophysics Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Daniel J. Fornari; Fornari Michael R. Perfit; Perfit 2Department Geological Sciences, University Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, Kenneth H. Rubin...
Geochemical differences between island arc basalts (IAB) and ocean-floor (mid-ocean ridge basalts; MORB) suggest that the large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) K, Ba, Rb Cs are probably mobilized in subduction zone fluids melts. This study documents LILE enrichment of eclogite, amphibolite, epidote ± garnet blueschist tectonic blocks related rocks from melanges two complexes. The samples six localities Franciscan Complex, California, terranes Oregon Baja Samana Metamorphic Peninsula,...
The chemical composition of mid-ocean ridge basalt, the most prevalent magma type on planet, reflects melt's continuous reequilibration with surrounding mantle during porous flow. Models basalt extraction that account for observed uranium-series disequilibria Juan de Fuca constrain both abundance melt beneath ridges (0.1 to 0.2 percent) and style melting. Unlike models incorporate near-fractional melts (dynamic melting), mixing equilibrium flow derived from heterogeneous source materials...
Glassy to sparsely phyric submarine lavas were recovered from nine Alvin dive sites located along the eastern Galapagos rift and at intersection with Inca transform. Samples include quartz‐normative tholeiitic basalts (MORB), numerous Fe‐ Ti‐enriched (FeTi basalts) a smaller number of oceanic andesites (55.9–64.3 wt % SiO 2 ). MORB have light rare earth element (REE) large ion lithophile (LIL) depletions but exhibit slight REE fractionation (Ce N /Yb 0.6–1.0) increasing negative Europium...