Perfect vortex beams can only propagate stably with integer topological charges. Thus, creating perfect fractional capable of stable propagation in free space, as beams, is crucial. This study proposed carrying charge l + 0.5, which are special solutions the wave equation, and maintain physical laws same charge. were created break cognition traditional promote development scientific fields such optical communication, quantum sensing, imaging.

Recently, vortex beams have been widely studied and applied because they carry orbital angular momentum (OAM). It is acknowledged in the scientific community that fractional OAM does not typically exhibit stable propagation; notably, notion of achieving propagation with dual-fractional within a single optical has deemed impracticable. Here, we address problem through combined modulation phase polarization, resulting generation vector beam can stably exist free space. Applying this unique...

Light beams with optical vortices can propagate in free space only integer orbital angular momentum. Herein, this scientific consensus theoretically and experimentally is upheaved by proposing light carrying natural noninteger These peculiar vortex are unique solutions to the Helmholtz equation, which possesses topological charges of l + 0.5, where an integer. During propagation space, their amplitudes phases be maintained stably. The findings study provide alternative state physics, serve...

Superposition of two independent orthogonally polarized beams is a conventional principle creating new light beam. Herein, it intended to achieve the inverse process, namely, extracting inherent polarization modes from single However, within beam are always intertwined so that stable maintained during propagation in free space. To overcome this limitation, an approach breaks modulation symmetry m‐ order vector vortex reported, thereby unbinding modes. Using mode competition along with...

Recently, perfect optical vortexes (POVs) have attracted substantial attention, because they an orbital angular momentum (OAM) and the beam diameter is independent of topological charges. There are numerous innovative results that been found by modulating POV field. However, methods for controlling arbitrary parameters lacking. In this paper, we use pen to overcome problem. The a high-precision field modulation method construction based on relationship between path difference phase. Based...

The determination of nitrogen-vacancy centers plays an important role in quantum information sensing. Efficiently and rapidly determining the orientation multiple center s a low-concentration diamond is challenging due to its size. Here, we solve this scientific problem by using azimuthally polarized beam array as incident beam. In paper, optical pen used modulate position excite distinctive fluorescence characterizing different orientations centers. result that low concentration layer, NV...

Vector vortex beams are widely used because of their anisotropic polarization state and spiral phase. Constructing mixed mode vector in free space still requires complex designs calculations. We propose a method for generating Elliptical perfect optical (EPOV) arrays by extraction pen. It is demonstrated that the long axis short EPOVs not limited topological charge (TC). Flexible modulation parameters array achieved, including number, position, ellipticity, ring size, TC, mode. This approach...

Propagable fractional-order vector vortex beams with fractional topological charge provide new possibilities in optics. However, their complicated polarizations give rise to a big challenge creating multiple beam channels. Here, we solve this scientific problem by generating fractional- and integer-order parallel using the mode extraction principle along an optical pen. Based on of extraction, integer- can be extracted focal region objective lens directly from single m = 30-order beam. Their...

The perfect optical vortex (POV) has generated a large number of applications in classical to quantum physics because its diameter is independent topological charge (TC). Previous reported POVs still show lack controllable size, shape, and amplitude, which may hinder their applications. In this paper, combined phase used create complex polygonal (PPOV) arrays. number, position, amplitude the PPOVs array are controllable, where shape can be an arbitrary symmetric polygon. We investigate...

In this Letter, vortex phase and sinusoidal modulations of Hermite–Gaussian beams are studied theoretically experimentally. The coding method the experiment is introduced in detail, evolution law focus under different beam order (m, n) topological charge (l) given. to verify accuracy generation experiment, optical field distribution modulation analyzed deeply. relevant analysis methods provided Letter have certain practical significance for development laser mode analysis, communication,...

Based on the theory of vector diffraction and principle triangular modulation, focusing characteristics patterns an axisymmetric Bessel-Gaussian beam with helical polarization quadratic radial correlation are studied. The results show that both parameters µ modulation n can significantly change intensity distribution region. Under same spiral parameter C, obvious lateral changes pattern be observed by changing either above two parameters. changed from ring to parallel focal spots extending...

This paper uses a spiral cone wavefront to modulate radially polarized Airy beam. Based on the vector diffraction theory, focusing and propagation characteristics of beam are studied. In order conduct in-depth analysis unique properties radial cone-shaped beams, focused light intensity, optical gradient force distribution, under different parameters were simulated. The results show that helical-conical have significant effect polarization shows lateral stretching trend. During propagation,...

In the past three decades, a unique beam called vortex with orbital angular momentum has become research focus of researchers. However, to date, almost all methods for generating beams are adjust phase distribution central part cross section. Is there method generate high-purity one or dual based on edge diffraction regulation? Specifically, it been shown that variety complex laser modes can be generated in special cavity, and these difficult control. How create from patterns is an important...

The generation of three-dimensional tunable vector optical cages through full polarization modulation requires complex states. This paper takes the Airy cage as an example to generate a high-quality based on Pancharatnam-Berry phase principle. proposed method in this possesses capability arbitrary various aspects, including quantity and their respective sizes well spatial positions. Moreover, intensity each can be modulated independently. research will improve capture efficiency tweezers...

Helical-conical optical beams (HCOBs) have attracted considerable interest due to their peculiar features. Their characteristic helical light intensity distribution has exerted unprecedented advantages in many fields, but multiple combinations of HCOBs not been reported the limitations algorithms and field modulation techniques. We propose experimentally demonstrate arbitrary free space construct hybrid HCOB arrays. The similarity between experimental results numerical simulation is 94.22%....

The unevenly distributed Lorentz–Gaussian beams are difficult to reproduce in practice, because they require modulation both amplitude and phase terms. Here, a new linearly polarized Lorentz–Gauss beam modulated by helical axicon (LGB-HA) is calculated, the two various experimental generation methods of this beam, Fourier transform method (FTM) complex-amplitude (CAM) method, depicted. Compared with FTM, CAM can modulate simultaneously only one reflection-type phase-only liquid crystal...