We propose a method for creating three-dimensional (3D) shape-controllable focal spot array by combination of two-dimensional (2D) pure-phase modulation grating and an additional axial shifting composed four-quadrant phase distribution unit at the back aperture high numerical (NA) objective. It is demonstrated that one-dimensional (1D) designed optimized algorithm selected number equally spaced arbitrary value in single period could produce desired diffraction with identical intensity. also...

Perfect vortex beams can only propagate stably with integer topological charges. Thus, creating perfect fractional capable of stable propagation in free space, as beams, is crucial. This study proposed carrying charge l + 0.5, which are special solutions the wave equation, and maintain physical laws same charge. were created break cognition traditional promote development scientific fields such optical communication, quantum sensing, imaging.

Recently, vortex beams have been widely studied and applied because they carry orbital angular momentum (OAM). It is acknowledged in the scientific community that fractional OAM does not typically exhibit stable propagation; notably, notion of achieving propagation with dual-fractional within a single optical has deemed impracticable. Here, we address problem through combined modulation phase polarization, resulting generation vector beam can stably exist free space. Applying this unique...

We propose a non-magnetic transparent heating film based on silver nanowires (Ag-NWs) for application in spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) magnetic field measurement devices. To achieve ultra-high sensitivity atomic magnetometers, the atoms within alkali metal vapor cell must be maintained stable and uniform high-temperature environment. Ag-NWs, as conductive material with exceptional electrical conductivity, are well suited this application. By employing high-frequency AC heating, we...

A light beam propagating with an infinite anti-diffracting distance requires power to preserve its shape. However, the fundamental barrier of finite in free space has made problem diffraction insurmountable over past few decades. Here, overcome this limitation, we report approach that employs multiple energy oscillation mechanism, thereby permitting creation a ultralong space. The is no longer restricted by but instead depends on number oscillations. This unprecedented propagation behavior...

This article proposes an efficient thermoelectric temperature control system based on improved proportional integral differential (PID) algorithm in which energy feedback technology is used to enhance cooling. In the proposed power management system, two groups of batteries are efficiently and alternatingly charged discharged such that information circuit can be monitored real time. The PID by using idea a state machine coolers (TEC) through H-bridge with pulsewidth modulation. Finally,...

Local binary pattern (LBP) is one of the most successful feature descriptors. However, LBP and its variants have not been as other descriptors in video anomaly detection (VAD). This because are mainly designed for spatial texture analysis. Although volume (VLBP) LBP-three orthogonal planes (LPB-TOP) capability describing dynamic texture, they seldom used VAD 1) both VLBP LBP-TOP more suitable natural scenes with rich textures, but sensitive to noise less 2) combination motion appearance only...

Light beams with optical vortices can propagate in free space only integer orbital angular momentum. Herein, this scientific consensus theoretically and experimentally is upheaved by proposing light carrying natural noninteger These peculiar vortex are unique solutions to the Helmholtz equation, which possesses topological charges of l + 0.5, where an integer. During propagation space, their amplitudes phases be maintained stably. The findings study provide alternative state physics, serve...

Thermoelectric coolers (TECs) are widely used in state-of-the-art thermal management systems. Recently, there is a big trend to power TECs using thermoelectric generators (TEGs). Mainstream research efforts focus on attaining higher figure of merit (ZT) material, which now faces great challenge. Alternatively, this article proposes different approach improve the performance TEC, that is, integration TEG with TEC. The converts collected heat energy into electric current, reduces consumption...

We present a method to generate multiple three-dimensional (3D) dark focal spots along the optical axis by focusing cylindrical vector beam. The formation of uniform 3D is determined optimizing three parameters pupil filter in wavefront lens and polarized state incident By adjusting filter, number position can be controlled willingly, uniformity adjusted modulating A single spot with surrounding intensity formed double are also obtained proper separated an equal distance away from geometric...

To enable the real-time measurement of pressure deformations in sealed cavities, a high-precision method detecting deformation material surface is proposed. By combining chromatic confocal displacement sensor with sensor, we can acquire dynamic online strain measurements that consider effects deformed and internal environmental conditions. A 90mm×90mm static mechanical cylindrical cavity simulated using finite element software. The interior continuously pressurized at up to 400 kPa 300 µm....

An electrochemical (EC) method has been successfully applied to regulate the optical properties of nanocrystals, such as reducing their gain threshold by EC doping and enhancing photoluminescence intensity filling trap states. However, processes are rarely reported simultaneously in a single study, hindering understanding underlying interactions. Here, we report spectroelectrochemical (SEC) studies quasi-two-dimensional nanoplatelets (NPLs), intending clarify above issues. is achieved...

Alkali metal atomic cells are crucial components of instruments, such as magnetometers, gyroscopes, and clocks. A highly uniform stable heating structure can ensure the stability alkali atom density. The vapor cell an magnetometer that uses laser has no magnetic field interference ease miniaturization, making it superior to hot air AC electric heating. However, current suffers from low efficiency uneven temperature distribution inside cell. In this paper, we designed a non-magnetic based on...

The microscale flow preparation scheme has been widely used in the of inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (NCs). It is considered to be most promising method for large-scale production. Recently, it suggested that increasing precursor concentration can further improve efficiency, but there still a lack understanding high-concentration synthesis. Here, we develop synthesis using precursors, and typical value reaction phase reaches 0.035 mol/L cesium acetate. CsPbBr