For confirmation of the difference in infectivity hepatitis B surface antigen (HBS Ag)-positive serum according to differences e system, four chimpanzees were inoculated with positive for (HBe Ag), and three antibody HBe Ag (anti-HBe). Since titrations are not yet completed, end titer each is known. All given injections 10(-1), 10(-4), or 10(-8) dilutions Ag-positive developed virus infection, whereas one chimpanzee injected undiluted anti-HBe-positive became infected, other diluted sera did...

Genomes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were cloned from the plasma a blood donor who carried subviral particles three distinct subtypes in following proportions: adr, 25%; ayr, 63%; and adyr, 12%. HBV DNA clones classified into two groups based on difference at only one nucleotide S gene. Two had A as 365 that formed part codon for lysine amino acid residue 122 produced surface antigen subtype adr transfected NIH 3T3 cells. The remaining four G determining arginine ayr Similarly, genomes an...

Nineteen DNA samples that carry integrated hepatitis B virus (HBV) were isolated from seven independent human hepatomas by molecular cloning, and their structures determined. The results, combined with reported data, analyzed so one can obtain insights into the mechanisms of integration this possible rearrangements occur subsequently. distribution junctions along genome suggests there are recombination-proficient regions. Thus, about half integrants Coh type, viz., virus-cell fell within...

Abstract Dane particles were isolated in a large scale from plasma of asymptomatic carriers hepatitis B surface antigen. The core was exposed by treatment with NP-40 and 2-mercaptoethanol. antigenicity e antigen (HBeAg) not detected on the or their cores. However, when particle cores treated Pronase, some activity HBeAg liberated them as small molecule. When further SDS, they revealed high HBeAg, indicating that existed cryptic form, which can be proteolytic enzyme SDS. subjected to...

We report an experimental study on shape deformations of ternary vesicles undergoing phase separation under osmotic pressure difference. The various causes unique shape-deformation branches. In the domain coarsening stage, prolate, discocyte, and starfish show a convergence to discocytes, whereas pearling instability is observed in tube vesicles. late stages, domains start bud towards inside or outside vesicle depending excess area. discuss deformation branches based membrane elasticity model.

Summary The entire nucleotide sequence of genomic DNA was determined for hepatitis B virus (HBV) subtype ayr, which had been derived from the blood a Japanese asymptomatic carrier. genome 3215 nucleotides long, and differed in by 10% that subtypes adw or ayw, but only 2% adr. Amino acid sequences coded S, C, P X genes, as well pre-S region, closely resembled those adr, indicating evolution HBV/ayr HBV/adr more recent than differentiation other three subtypes. In product S gene, mutually...

Based on experimental findings, a mechanism of structural formation during the induction period polymer crystallization is proposed. Recently we have found that, poly(ethylene terephthalate) before crystal nuclei are produced, correlation peak appears in small-angle x-ray scattering, and grows intensity position with time while temperature kept constant. The this course different from that intercrystallite peak, so-called long-period stage; former considerably lower than latter. Surprisingly...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural Formation of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) during the Induction Period Crystallization. 3. Evolution Density Fluctuations to Lamellar CrystalM. Imai, K. Kaji, and T. KanayaCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 24, 7103–7108Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00102a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00102a016research-articleACS...

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of dynamic leg press training on physiological cross‐sectional areas (PCSAs) human lower limb muscles during 20 days 6° head‐down tilt bed rest. Five healthy men comprised resistance group (BR‐Tr) and data from two previous studies were used derive a 10‐man control (BR‐Cont). BR‐Tr performed sessions (morning afternoon session) action including knee extension plantar flexion daily for rest period: (1) three sets 10 repetitions at 90% maximum...

The kinetics during the induction period of polymer crystallization is studied by means depolarized light scattering measurements. spinodal decomposition this shown to be caused orientation fluctuations segments. Time evolution these can described in terms transformation from isotropic nematic phase proposed Doi et al.

A "synthetic minimal cell" is considered here as a cell-like artificial vesicle reproduction system in which chemical and physico-chemical transformation network regulated by information polymers. Here we synthesise such cell consisting of three units: energy production, polymer synthesis, reproduction. Supplied ingredients are converted to currencies trigger the synthesis an polymer, where membrane plays role template. The promotes growth. By tuning composition permeability osmolytes,...

Aiming to clarify the mechanism of crystal nucleation polymers, we have made a quantitative investigation about conformational change syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) during induction period (ca. 30 min) when crystallized at 120 °C, 25 K above glass transition temperature Tg = 95 from glassy state, i.e., for so-called crystallization by time-resolved Fourier transform infrared (FT−IR) spectroscopy. It was found that even in period, absorbance trans conformation bands begins increase and it...

In this paper, an architectural level processor design environment PEAS-III is proposed. Pipelined processors designed by system can include multi-cycle operation, delayed branch and external interrupt. The data path control logic of the are generated from clock based micro-operation description instructions. ease large space exploration through experiments using several subsets MIPS R3000 instruction set.

Both 3'- and 5'-terminal structures of human rotavirus genome double-stranded RNA segments were determined. RNAs labeled at the 3'-termini with [32P]pCp by incubation ligase 5'-termini [32P]phosphate polynucleotide kinase or, in case 5' caps, 3H chemical modification [3H]NaBH4. Examination radiolabeled termini released digestion several base-specific RNases revealed that are base paired end-to-end contain same terminal structures: (formula; see text)

We present evidence that the expression of rho is regulated by rho-dependent attenuation transcription. Gene fusion analysis with nested series deletions indicated transcription attenuated in a manner leader region and neither read-through from upstream gene, trxA, nor modulation initiation promoter involved self-control rho. S1 mapping Northern hybridization analyses localized at least six or termination sites ranging 3' end trxA structural gene to middle gene. Among them, most site...

Mice were immunized against hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) isolated from sera of asymptomatic carriers virus. Their spleen cells fused with mouse myeloma (NS-1) cells, and 5 clones hybridoma secreting antibody HBeAg (anti-HBe) isolated. For the production anti-HBe in large scale, cultivated both vitro peritoneal cavity ascitic mice. Although monoclonal antibodies produced by these showed a strong reactivity hemagglutination tests, individual did not reveal any precipitin line immunodiffusion....

Serum samples of 403 asymptomatic blood donors carrying hepatitis B surface antigen (HB5Ag) were concentrated threefold and tested for e antibody to (anti-e) by immunodiffusion. Hepatitis (HBAg)-associated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase activity was specifically determined the difference in incorporation [methyl-3H]thymidine 5' -triphosphate into DNA an aliquot centrifuged serum after it had been treated either with normal rabbit or HBSAg. All 58 containing revealed HBAg-associated...

We use fast confocal laser microscopy to quantitatively study axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric shapes of lipid vesicles undergoing spontaneous transformations. To characterize the observed three-dimensional shapes, we compute their respective reduced monolayer area difference volume. The transformations allow us analyze a broad range vesicle including stomatocytes, elliptocytes, discocytes, cigars, necklaces, many shapes. are marked by step-like time dependence difference, which is explained...