Objective: Vaccine hesitancy limits population protection from SARS-CoV (coronavirus disease [COVID-19]). among healthcare workers (HCW) could put patients and coworkers at risk. Methods: We surveyed 475 emergency department medical service January to February 2021 determine vaccine intent/uptake, perceived COVID-19 vulnerability, factors associated with intent/uptake. Results: Although 79% of HCWs received or had plans receive the vaccine, 21% no intent/were unvaccinated; intent/uptake was...

Abstract This study investigates interfaith groups from across the United States to understand how these religious settings may serve as mediating structures facilitate individual political action. Based on a multilevel modeling analysis with 169 individuals 25 groups, we found that core activities of group, such group members sharing community information (e.g., announcing upcoming events, meetings, issues) or educating about their religion) positively and negatively predicted action result...

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (PTSS) are common after minor injuries and can impair recovery. We sought to understand whether an evidence-based mobile phone application with self-help tools (PTSD Coach) could be useful improve recovery acute trauma among injured emergency department (ED) patients. This pilot study examined the feasibility, acceptability, potential benefit of using PTSD Coach acutely motor vehicle crash (MVC)

This studys aim is to test the effectiveness of five interventions each utilizing a unique set behavior change techniques on reducing alcohol consumption at 3 and 6 months among young adults with hazardous drinking.This study used five-arm parallel randomized controlled trial 3- 6-month follow-ups. Recruitment occurred four emergency departments in Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Participants were non-treatment-seeking (mean age = 22.1 years; 68.5% female; 37.1% black) who reported...

Abstract Peritraumatic dissociation consistently predicts posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Avoidant coping may serve as a mechanism through which peritraumatic contributes to PTSD symptoms. Path analysis was used examine whether avoidant assessed 6 weeks following motor vehicle accident mediated the relationship between in‐hospital and 6‐month ( n = 193) 12‐month 167) chronic Results revealed that, after controlling for age, gender, depression, 6‐week symptoms, remained partial mediator...

Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with abnormal functioning of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis; however, limited research has examined whether cortisol levels change following successful PTSD treatment. The current study impact treatment on awakening response (CAR). Method Twenty-nine adults participating in a trial for chronic provided saliva samples (upon waking, and 30-, 45-, 60 min postwaking) before after receiving either prolonged exposure...

High-risk sexual behaviours include practices such as relationship violence and substance use, which often cluster together among young people in high-risk settings. Youth gang members show high rates of behaviours, use violence. This paper draws on data from in-depth interviews with male female six different gangs to explore the role powerful socialising peer groups that set gender, roles expectations for their members. included sex multiple partners group sex. Gang norms belief were...

Background It has been suggested that a history of trauma exposure is associated with increased vulnerability to the physical health consequences subsequent exposure, and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) may serve as key pathway in this vulnerability. However, few studies have modeled these relationships using mediation, most failed consider whether specific characteristics prior differential impact on mental outcomes. Methods The present study examined 180 victims serious motor vehicle...

The self-medication hypothesis proposes that individuals experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms may use alcohol (or other substances) to self-medicate distress, while the mutual maintenance also exacerbates or maintains distress. Existing research largely supports hypothesis. However, findings are often based upon retrospective reporting of problems and assessment anchored a trauma occurring in remote past. To improve on these designs, current study examined relationship...

Abstract Background Despite the risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) and associated comorbidities after physical injury, few emergency departments ED s) in United States screen for presence psychological symptoms conditions. Barriers to systematic screening could be overcome by using a tool that is both comprehensive brief. This study aimed determine 1) feasibility sequelae among adults with minor injury 2) relationship between later poor quality life QOL at 6 weeks...

Gang members are exposed to unique sexual risks, yet little work has explored the influence of gang social norms. This study examines functions and meanings sex within gangs, with a specific focus on ways in which is used reinforce membership norms, gender roles, group cohesion. We conducted 58 semi-structured interviews adolescent six gangs. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis constant comparative method MAXQDA. Sexual risk behaviors gangs upheld reinforced through unspoken...

Abstract Adolescent gang members are at high risk for polytraumatization (i.e., experiencing two or more types of trauma), which may contribute to behavioral problems, such as delinquency drug distribution, and mental health symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) depression. The present study examined the associations between these outcomes. We hypothesized that increased would lead (b) delinquency, (c) distribution. Participants included 441 adolescent (57.8% male; age range: 14–19...

Prior research has identified different PTSD symptom (PTSS) trajectories over months and years posttrauma that warrant levels of clinical attention. Earlier identification at-risk trauma victims can facilitate efficient appropriate intervention efforts. Using latent class growth analysis, we examined daily PTSS beginning 6 weeks postinjury in 68 injury victims. Resulting classes were compared on key characteristics at 21 postinjury. Three identified: a nonreactive (67.8%) with low initial...

Objectives To examine the relationship between psychosocial safety climate (PSC) and mental illness stigma among emergency medical service (EMS) clinicians. Despite presence of health services at many EMS agencies, workers often do not seek treatment due to stigma. facilitate receipt maintain a healthy workforce, we must understand factors contributing Psychosocial refers degree which perceive that their organization fosters work environment focused on protection psychological safety. its...