This paper looks into the technology classification problem for a distributed wireless spectrum sensing network. First, new data-driven model Automatic Modulation Classification (AMC) based on long short term memory (LSTM) is proposed. The learns from time domain amplitude and phase information of modulation schemes present in training data without requiring expert features like higher order cyclic moments. Analyses show that proposed yields an average accuracy close to 90% at varying SNR...

Advances in low-power and low-cost sensor networks have led to solutions mature enough for use a broad range of applications varying from health monitoring building surveillance. The development those has been stimulated by the finalization IEEE 802.15.4 standard, which defines medium access control (MAC) physical layer networks. One MAC schemes proposed is slotted carrier sense multiple with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA), this paper analyzes whether scheme meets design constraints provides...

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) serving as base stations is expected to become predominant in the next decade. However, order, for this technology, unfold its full potential, it necessary develop a fundamental understanding distinctive features air-to-ground (A2G) links. As contribution direction, paper proposes generic framework analysis and optimization A2G systems. In contrast existing literature, incorporates both height-dependent path loss exponent small-scale fading, unifies...

The popularity of unmanned aerial vehicles has exploded over the last few years, urgently demanding solutions to transfer large amounts data from UAV ground. Conversely, a control channel is desired, in order safely operate these remotely. This article analyzes use LTE for realizing this downlink and uplink control. By means measurements simulations, we study impact interference path loss when transmitting UAV. Two scenarios are considered which UAVs act as either base stations or UEs...

Non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) traditionally have certain limited applications. However, the recent technological advancements and manufacturing cost reduction opened up myriad applications of NTNs for 5G beyond networks, especially when integrated into terrestrial (TNs). This article comprehensively surveys evolution highlighting their relevance to essentially, how it will play a pivotal role in development 6G ecosystem. We discuss important features integration TNs synergies by delving...

Long range low power is a family of technologies promising to connect thousands sensors the future internet things. Within this possible technology choices, two different branches have emerged: standards based on spreaded wideband communication and narrowband communication, both reach long connectivity at very power. More specifically, paper focuses chirp spread spectrum (CSS). This presents detailed model CSS, showing that symbols are not perfectly orthogonal. The results show potential...

A broad range of emerging applications require very low power, long yet throughput communication. Different standards are being proposed to meet these novel requirements. In this paper, the technical differences between a wideband spread spectrum (LoRa-like) and an ultra narrowband (Sigfox-like) network will be explained evaluated. On physical layer, simulation results show that has larger coverage, while networks less sensitive interference. When considering contention nodes interference...

Providing low power and long range (LoRa) connectivity is the goal of most Internet Things networks, e.g., LoRa, but keeping communication reliable challenging. LoRa networks are vulnerable to capture effect. Cell-edge nodes have a high chance losing packets due collisions, especially when spreading factors (SFs) used that increase time on air. Moreover, face problem scalability they connect thousands access shared channels randomly. In this paper, we propose new MAC layer-RS-LoRa-to improve...

The growing use of aerial user equipments (UEs) in various applications requires ubiquitous and reliable connectivity for safe control data exchange between these devices ground stations. Key questions that need to be addressed when planning the deployment UEs are whether cellular network is a suitable candidate enabling such connectivity, how inclusion might impact overall efficiency. This paper provides an in-depth analysis level performance serves both unmanned vehicles (UAVs) users...

Low power wide area networks are gaining interest to connect thousands of nodes the internet things. However, because link budget in these is huge, suffer from a near-far effect. Nodes far base station cannot send succesfully when closer transmitting, causing destructive collisions. LoRa, considered technology this paper, spread spectrum technology. It known that also sensitive This paper presents scheme efficiently optimize packet error rate fairness inside LoRaWAN cell. achieved by...

We consider a cellular network deployment where UAV-to-UAV (U2U) transmit-receive pairs share the same spectrum with uplink (UL) of ground users (GUEs). For this setup, we focus on analyzing and comparing performance two sharing mechanisms: (i) underlay, time-frequency resources may be accessed by both UAVs GUEs, resulting in mutual interference, (ii) overlay, available are divided into orthogonal portions for U2U GUE communications. evaluate coverage probability rate link types their...

A cognitive radio (CR) network should be able to sense its environment and adapt communication utilize the unused licensed spectrum without interfering with users. In this paper, we look at CR-enabled networks distributed control. As CR nodes need hop from channel make most use of opportunities, believe multichannel medium access control (MAC) protocols key enablers for these networks. addition scarcity, energy is rapidly becoming one major bottlenecks wireless operations has considered as a...

Enabling the integration of aerial mobile users into existing cellular networks would make possible a number promising applications. However, current have not been designed to serve users, and hence an exploration design parameters is required in order allow network providers modify their infrastructure. As first step this direction, paper provides in-depth analysis coverage probability downlink that serves both ground users. We present exact mathematical characterization probability, which...

Due to recent advances in wireless technology, a broad range of standards catering diverse set users are currently emerging. Interoperability and coexistence between these heterogeneous networks becoming key issues, proper mitigation issues requires good understanding how why may harm each other's p.erformance. In this paper, we focus on the 802.11 (wireless LAN) 802.15.4 (sensor networks) ISM band. These have very different transmission characteristics that result asymmetric interaction...

While radio spectrum allocation is well regulated, there little knowledge about its actual utilization over time and space. This limitation hinders taking effective actions in various applications including cognitive radios, electrosmog monitoring, law enforcement. We introduce Electrosense, an initiative that seeks a more efficient, safe reliable monitoring of the electromagnetic space by improving accessibility data for general public. A collaborative network designed monitors at large...

The need for aerial networks is growing with the recent advance of micro vehicles, which enable a wide range civilian applications. Our experimental analysis shows that wireless connectivity among MAVs challenged by mobility and heterogeneity nodes, lightweight antenna design, body blockage, constrained embedded resources, limited battery power. However, movement location are known may be controlled to establish links best transmission opportunities in time space. This special ecosystem...

The use of amateur drones (ADrs) is expected to significantly increase over the upcoming years. However, regulations do not allow such fly all areas, in addition typical altitude limitations. As a result, there an urgent need for ADrs surveillance solutions. These solutions should include means accurate detection, classification, and localization unwanted no-fly zone. In this paper, we give overview promising techniques modulation classification signal strength based by using (SDrs). By...

This paper studies the performance of a user positioning system using Channel State Information (CSI) Massive MIMO (MaMIMO) system. To infer position from CSI, Convolutional Neural Network is designed and evaluated through novel dataset. dataset contains indoor MaMIMO CSI measurements three different antenna topologies, covering 2.5 m by area. We show that we can train (CNN) model to estimate inside this area with mean error less than half wavelength. Moreover, once trained on given scenario...

Despite several beneficial applications, unfortunately, drones are also being used for illicit activities such as drug trafficking, firearm smuggling or to impose threats security-sensitive places like airports and nuclear power plants. The existing drone localization neutralization technologies work on the assumption that has already been detected classified. Although we have observed a tremendous advancement in sensor industry this decade, there is no robust detection classification method...

To keep supporting next-generation requirements, the radio access infrastructure will increasingly densify. Cell-free (CF) network architectures are emerging, combining dense deployments with extreme flexibility in allocating resources to users. In parallel, Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) paradigm is transforming RAN toward an open, intelligent, virtualized, and fully interoperable architecture. This brings needed intelligent control opportunities for CF networking. this article, we...

Thanks to recent advances in wireless technology, a broad range of standards are currently emerging. Interoperability and coexistence between these heterogeneous networks becoming key issues, which require new adaptation strategies avoid harmful interference. In this paper, we focus on the 802.11 Wireless LAN 802.15.4 sensor ISM band. Those have very different transmission characteristics that result asymmetric interference patterns. We propose distributed for nodes, minimize impact This...

Prediction of future availability times different channels based on history information helps a cognitive radio (CR) to select the best for control and data transmission. Different prediction rules apply periodic stochastic ON-OFF patterns. A CR can learn patterns in over time. We propose simple classification learning method detect pattern type gather needed intelligent channel selection. Matlab simulations show that proposed outperforms opportunistic random selection both with The amount...

This paper studies the feasibility of supporting drone operations using existent cellular infrastructure. We propose an analytical framework that includes effects base station (BS) height and antenna radiation pattern, directivity various propagation environments. With this framework, we derive exact expression for coverage probability ground users through a practical cell association strategy. Our results show carefully designed network can control radiated interference is received by...

In this letter, the localization of terrestrial nodes when unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are used as base stations is investigated. Particularly, a novel scenario based on received signal strength (RSS) from introduced. contrast to existing literature, our analysis includes height-dependent path loss exponent and shadowing which results in an optimum UAV altitude for minimum error. Furthermore, Cramer-Rao lower bound derived estimated distance emphasizes, analytically, existence optimal...

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as base stations (ABSs) is a promising approach to meet extreme data rate, coverage or power saving requirements in future wireless networks. However, the potential benefits that an ABS can provide depend strongly on its altitude, which affects fading statistics transmissions. In this paper, we propose altitude dependent performance model allows analyze both and sum-rate capacity gain ABS. contrast existing literature, take into account...