The use of amateur drones (ADrs) is expected to significantly increase over the upcoming years. However, regulations do not allow such fly all areas, in addition typical altitude limitations. As a result, there an urgent need for ADrs surveillance solutions. These solutions should include means accurate detection, classification, and localization unwanted no-fly zone. In this paper, we give overview promising techniques modulation classification signal strength based by using (SDrs). By...

To keep supporting next-generation requirements, the radio access infrastructure will increasingly densify. Cell-free (CF) network architectures are emerging, combining dense deployments with extreme flexibility in allocating resources to users. In parallel, Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) paradigm is transforming RAN toward an open, intelligent, virtualized, and fully interoperable architecture. This brings needed intelligent control opportunities for CF networking. this article, we...

The growing use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for various applications requires ubiquitous and reliable connectivity safe control data exchange between these devices ground terminals.Depending on the application, UAV-mounted wireless equipment can either be an aerial user (AUE) that co-exists with terrestrial users, or it a part infrastructure providing range services to users.For instance, AUE used real-time search rescue and/or video streaming (surveillance, broadcasting) Base Station...

Autonomous flight for UAVs relies on visual information avoiding obstacles and ensuring safe collision-free flight. In addition to clues, often need connectivity with the ground station. this article, we study synergies between vision communications edge-computing-enabled UAV By proposing a framework of edge computing assisted autonomous (ECAAF), illustrate that can interact assist each other aid offloading, further speed up mission completion. ECAAF consists three functionalities are...

This article introduces a low-complexity ultrawideband quasi-deterministic ray tracing (QD-RT) method for statistical analysis of wireless channels. model uses distribution to the bistatic radar cross section (RCS) irregular objects, such as cars and pedestrians, instead deterministic propagation model, i.e., applying exact values RCSs. It is shown that benefits from low complexity compared with while keeping accuracy. The proposed QD-RT applied in realistic street canyon scenario...

Accurate Probability of Line-of-Sight (PLoS) modeling is important in evaluating the performance Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based communication systems urban environments, where real-time and low latency are often major requirements. Existing PLoS models rely on simplified Manhattan grid layouts using International Telecommunication Union (ITU)-defined built-up parameters, which may not reflect randomness real cities. Therefore, this paper introduces Urban LoS Simulator (ULS) to model for...

Path Loss (PL) is vital to evaluate the performance of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as Base Stations (ABSs), particularly in urban environments with complex propagation due various obstacles. Accurately modeling PL requires a generalized Probability Line-of-Sight (PLoS) that can consider multiple obstructions. While existing PLoS models mostly assume simplified Manhattan grid uniform building sizes and spacing, they overlook real-world variability dimensions. Furthermore, such do not...

Abstract Studies of the surface state solids, their detection, and studies transition layers including oxide films, physi-, chemisorbed monomolecular transformations at phase transitions chemical reactions have stimulated development a series new methods. The nondestructive character optical methods, sensitivity to molecular structure nature bonding, makes them very attractive for use.

Various definitions of spatial and temporal correlative properties spontaneous steady-state classical quantum processes are considered the key described. A relation thermally stimulated fields with frequency dependence dielectric function is demonstrated. in near-field regime on distance from a solid surface presented. It demonstrated that characteristic scales evanescent part field unambiguously determined by specific dispersion polaritons.

Cellular connectivity for UAV systems is interesting because it promises coverage in beyond visual line of sight scenarios. Inter-cell interference has been shown to be the main limiting factor at high altitudes. Using a realistic 3D simulator model, with real base station locations, this study confirms that UAVs altitudes suffer from significant interference, resulting worse compared ground users. When replacing existing stations by mmWave cells, our results indicate decreased only 90%,...

Investigation of small-scale fading in indoor peer-to-peer networks based on radio channel measurements shows that Rayleigh or double (DR) with without line-of-sight (LOS) component can occur, depending the mobility and scattering properties environment. While double-mobile scenarios, predominant mechanism is a combination DR fading, Rician events caused by constant term are also occasionally observed. In single-mobile temporal distributed. Additionally, reveal statistics evolve...

Small drones are becoming a part of our everyday life. They used in wide variety commercial applications, and the number air is steadily growing. To ensure safe operation drones, traffic management rules must be designed implemented by avionics telecommunication experts. In this article, we propose to establish common terminology for these two communities. We first describe architecture services. Next, provide an overview several approaches defining interdrone separation distances operation....

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), a.k.a. drones, are increasingly used for different tasks. With more drones in the sky, risk of accidents rises, sparking need conflict management solutions. Aircraft use a system called Automatic Dependent System-Broadcast (ADS-B) to continuously broadcast their position and speed but this is not suitable small because its cost, complexity capacity limitations. Broadband technologies such as Wi-Fi beacons suited dense scenarios, they also offer benefit wide...

Up until now, path planning for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has mainly been focused on the optimisation towards energy efficiency. However, to operate UAVs safely, wireless coverage is of utmost importance. Currently, deployed cellular networks often exhibit an inadequate performance users due high amounts intercell interference. Furthermore, taking never-ending trend densification into account, level interference experienced by will only increase in future. For purpose UAV trajectory...

In future drone applications fast moving unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) will need to be connected via a high throughput ultra reliable wireless link. MmWave communication is assumed promising technology for UAV communication, as the narrow beams cause little interference and from ground. A challenge such networks beamforming requirement, fact that frequent handovers are required cells small. research community, mobility especially often neglected, however when considering beamforming,...

One of the most crucial challenges for global socio-technical domain nowadays is support unprecedented use cases a variety applications such as augmented reality, 3D holographic telepresence, Industry 4.0, robotics, e-health, and pervasive connectivity. In this environment, beyond 5G intelligent networks that are able to provide enhanced flexibility through dynamic allocation system's resources, while realizing perceived zero-latency vision, envisioned ensure smooth transition toward 6G. The...

The optical properties of wide-gap semiconductor films on metal substrates were investigated experimentally by infrared spectroscopy, Raman scattering, and femtosecond spectroscopy techniques as well theoretically in the framework linear crystal optics. spectra such planar structures (microresonators) shown to bear information electromagnetic excitations both surface volume structure. are determined interaction all dipole-active component materials with modes microresonator, which turn...

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have gained popularity in the communications research community because of their versatility placement and potential to extend functions communication networks. However, there remains a gap existing works regarding measurement-verified stationarity analysis air-to-ground (A2G) Massive Multi-Input Multi-Output (MaMIMO) channel which plays an important role realistic UAV deployment. In this paper, we first design MaMIMO platform for acquisition. We then use...

³ÑAEÇÓÉÂÐËÇ 1. £ÄÇAEÇÐËÇ (449).2. ³ÕÂÕËÔÕËÚÇÔÍÑÇ ÑÒËÔÂÐËÇ ÕÇÒÎÑÄÑÅÑ àÎÇÍÕÓÑÏÂÅÐËÕÐÑÅÑ ÒÑÎâ, ÅÇÐÇÓËÓÖÇÏÑÅÑ ÏÂÍÓÑÔÍÑÒËÚÇÔÍËÏË ÕÇÎÂÏË.°ÔÑÃÇÐÐÑÔÕË ÔÕÂÕËÔÕË-ÚÇÔÍÑÌ ÏÑAEÇÎË ÔÎÖÚÂÌÐÞØ àÎÇÍÕÓÑÏÂÅÐËÕÐÞØ ÒÑÎÇÌ (450).3. ´ÇÑÓÇÕËÚÇÔÍËÇ ÏÇÕÑAEÞ ÓÂÔÚÈÕ ÔÄÑÌÔÕÄ ÕÇÓÏÑÔÕËÏÖÎËÓÑÄÂÐÐÞØ àÎÇÍÕÓÑAEËÐÂÏËÚÇÔÍËØ (453).3.1.ÂÐÉÇÄÇÐÑÄÔÍËÌ ÒÑAEØÑAE.´ÇÑÓËâ ³.®.²ÞÕÑÄÂ.3.2.®ÇÕÑAE ×ÖÐÍÙËÌ ¤ÓËÐÂ.3.3.´ÇÑÓËâ ¤.³.¡ÅÂÓÄÂÎâ.4. ³ÒÇÍÕÓÂÎßÐÞÇ ØÂÓÂÍÕÇÓËÔÕËÍË ×ÎÖÍÕÖÂ-ÙËÑÐÐÞØ ÒÎÑÔÍÑÔÎÑËÔÕÞØ ÕÇÎ (457).4.1.³ÒÇÍÕÓÂÎßÐÞÇ ×ÎÖÍÕÖÂÙËÑÐÐÑÅÑ...

This paper proposes a hybrid modeling approach for the prediction of room-to-room radio propagation channel. The model combines ray tracing (RT) with graph (PG). PG vertices are obtained at each room by RT assumption that receive antenna (or transmit antenna) virtually locates on surface separating wall between two rooms. Rays transmitted from one to other through deterministically calculated Snell's law refraction. Predictions proposed compared measurement data an office-to-office scenario....

This paper presents the concept of an UAV-mounted passive radar. Since radar has no active transmitter and uses signals transmitted by illuminators opportunity (IOO), it is a low cost, lightweight, low-power consuming solution perfectly fitting for mobile applications, especially mounting on UAV. Moreover, does not require supplemental frequency allocation creates additional interference to existing wireless networks. Longterm evolution (LTE) good candidate (IOO) due fact that orthogonal...

The market size of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs, a.k.a drones) can reach up to 10% the global value. In particular, drone delivery is one most attractive applications. growing number drones requires appropriate traffic management systems that will rely on cellular networks. However, it has been shown in literature these networks cannot provide reliable communication due low coverage probability and frequent handovers. This article presents a potential solution targeting problems while...