High power vacuum electronic devices of millimeter wave to terahertz regime are attracting extensive interests due their potential applications in science and technologies. In this paper, the design experimental results a powerful compact oversized surface oscillator (SWO) Y-band presented. The cylindrical slow structure (SWS) with rectangular corrugations large diameter about 6.8 times radiation wavelength is proposed support interacting annular relativistic electron beam. By choosing...

We propose the concept of high-order mode extended interaction klystron (EIK) at terahertz band. Compared to conventional fundamental EIK, it operates TM31-2π mode, and its remarkable advantage is obtain a large structure good performance. The proposed EIK consists five identical cavities with gaps in each cavity. method discussed suppress competition self-oscillation Particle-in-cell simulation demonstrates that indeed without while other modes are well suppressed. Driven by electron beam...

A small-signal theory of the overmoded surface wave oscillator (SWO) with distributed wall loss is presented in this letter. The considered here includes resistance and roughness. cold hot characteristics 0.14 THz SWO are studied by theory. Numerical results show that as increase loss, working frequency decreases slightly, rise time startup oscillation significantly, output power dramatically. Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation confirms prediction

Overmoded O-type Cerenkov generators using annular electron beams are facing the problem of multi-modes output due to inevitable structural discontinuities. A simple but effective method achieve pure TM01 mode is applied on 0.14 THz overmoded surface wave oscillator (SWO) in this paper. In spite still an slow structure ensure easy fabrication, followed smooth circular waveguide shrinkingly tapered with appropriate radius that it cuts off other higher modes except mode. Moreover, modified...

A novel high-power subterahertz-range radial surface wave oscillator (SWO), in which the electron beam is emitted radially and interacts with slow structure (SWS) machined on a planar plate, presented this paper. Compared to axial SWO where axially SWS inner wall of cylindrical waveguide, has two advantages. One that fabrication much easier than SWO. The other low-impedance device, it can produce higher current when they are driven by same voltage, hence, may generate output power....

A novel statistical model connected with turbulence strength is proposed to describe the attenuation and crosstalk in a vortex-based multi-channel free space optical (FSO) communication system. In this model, self-channel fading interference between different orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes are characterized by mixture exponential-generalized-gamma (EGG) distribution, analytical relations distribution function’s parameters expressed piecewise functions. The problems of obtaining...

In this paper, we propose an extended interaction oscillator (EIO) operating with a high-order mode in the Y band. Compared to conventional EIO fundamental mode, it operates TM31 mode. Since inner surface of is much larger, which increases power capacity device. The difficulty manufacturing such enlarged cavity thereby mitigated. By optimizing multi-gap structure, designing magnet subsystem, and preparing e-gun configuration confirmed. Finally, through particle-in-cell simulations,...

To develop a high-power continuous-wave terahertz source, Clinotron operating at 0.3 THz is investigated. Based on the analyses of field distribution and coupling impedance, dispersion characteristic rectangular resonator preliminarily studied. The effective way to select fundamental mode interact with electron beam especially Finally, structure optimized by particle-in-cell simulation, problems manufacture tolerance, current density threshold, heat dissipation during Clinotron's operation...

To increase the bandwidth of Extended Interaction Klystron (EIK) at 0.34 THz, method staggered tuning on cavities’ configurations is proposed. Based analysis phase relationship between gap voltage and bunched beam, buncher cavities in EIK are reasonably staggered-tuned to achieve various resonance frequencies, which helpful flat gain response whole device. The characteristics output with different numbers gaps then researched issue start current for self-oscillation mode also involved,...

In order to develop an extended interaction klystron (EIK) with high performance in the terahertz range, staggered-tuned structure is numerically studied, manufactured, and measured. First, circuit optimized get strength avoid mode overlapping output cavity, ensuring efficiency stability for device. Then clustered cavities are staggered tuned improve its bandwidth. The particle-in-cell (PIC) code employed research performances of device under different conditions accordingly practicable...

Accurate prediction of electron beam profile is one the key objectives optics, and basis for design practical gun. In this paper, an improved model describing in Pierce gun with both space charge effects emittance proposed. The theory developed by Cutler Hines still applied accelerating region gun, while motion equations beams anode aperture drift tunnel are modifying optics emittance. As a result, more universal accurate formula focal length lens derived finite dimension, modified spread...

The configurations of the cavity and drift tube used in a 0.34 THz Extended Interaction Klystron (EIK) are theoretically studied. results from particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations presented discussed. Based on small signal theory, coupling coefficient beam conductance at gaps were studied, leading to optimization multi-slot cavity. physical analysis electron movement was carried out study influence drifting device performance. PIC conducted with compared analytical theory. Good agreement...

The extended interaction klystron (EIK) operating at high order mode has many advantages compared with conventional EIK in frequency band for its oversized structure. A five-gap cavity the TM31-2π resonant of 0.34 THz is investigated this paper. Resonant modes overmoded are analyzed selection and stable operation. Finally, theoretically approved operation without self-oscillation competition under 15 kV beam voltage 300 mA current.

The output cavity used in 0.34 THz extended interaction klystron (EIK) is developed and optimized by using theoretical analysis numerical simulations. Beam-loading conductance researched the small signal theory accordingly to contain eight gaps. Considering of transmission coefficient feasibility manufacture, tapered coupler presented issue mode competition discussed. physical design simulated verified particle-in-cell (PIC) technology finally results show that an power 143 W can be reached...

Existing motion-capture technologies are implemented through expensive and specialized equipment, which typically requires the wearable devices or mark of human body joint. This leads to a distinct limitation on accessibility popularity for mass market consumer. To address these problems, we present pipeline 3D motion capture from binocular stereo vision, is based MobilePose, supervised learning method 2D skeletal joint detection in real time. Due short time reconstruction, our approach can...

To improve the stability and reliability of Clinotron at Y-band, some key issues are researched, such as synchronous operating mode, heat accumulation on slow-wave structure, errors in micro-fabrication. By analyzing dispersion relationship, working mode is determined TM10 mode. The problem dissipation a comb researched to make trade-off choice suitable conditions, making sure that safety efficiency device guaranteed simultaneously. study effect tolerance device's performance also conducted...

In order to increase the feasibility and reliability of terahertz extended interaction oscillator (EIO), method adopting TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31</sub> in reentry cavity is proposed. The characteristics high-order EIO theoretically analyzed, including its electromagnetic properties field distributions it. Compared with traditional EIOs those operating at fundamental mode, advantages higher power capability less...

Based on the research of dispersion relationship and field distribution clinotron theoretically, resonator used for 0.3THz is designed. The mode transverse section area optimum structure analyzed, which meaningful further development clinotron.

A megawatt-level subterahertz surface wave oscillator (SWO) is proposed to obtain high conversion efficiency by using separated overmoded slow structures (SWSs). Aiming at the repetitive operation and practical applications, device driven electron beam with modest energy current theoretically analyzed verified. Then, functions of two SWS sections effect drift tube are investigated a particle-in-cell code reveal how achieves efficiency. The mode analysis beam-wave interaction region in also...

In order to develop a practicable extended interaction klystron (EIK) at 0.34 THz, the potential inaccuracy in fabrication process is studied. The influences of tolerance on electric field distribution, ß-value, resonance frequency and impedance are discussed, leading acceptable tolerance. Finally within 10 um fabricating structure gap demonstrated with little shift device's performance. And method WEDM proposed manufacture because its precision cost.

Vacuum switchgear technology is widely used in the worldwide all kinds of medium-voltage distribution system for its outstanding technical performance and low life-cycle costing. Now, some manufactures have started to expand this high voltage transmission level. A new developed SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> -Free Hybrid-Gas-Insulated-Switchgear China introduced paper, which uses a single vacuum interrupter...