A5043518956- Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Identification and Quantification in Food
- Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
- Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Insect Pheromone Research and Control
- Child and Animal Learning Development
- Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Meat and Animal Product Quality
- Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
University of Waikato
2015-2024
University of Alberta
2019
Wythenshawe Hospital
2016-2018
Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust
2018
University of Manchester
2016
Western Michigan University
2010-2015
Michigan United
2015
Sokoine University of Agriculture
2015
Edith Cowan University
1999
We report baseline results of a community-based, targeted, low-dose CT (LDCT) lung cancer screening pilot in deprived areas Manchester. Ever smokers, aged 55-74 years, were invited to 'lung health checks' (LHCs) next local shopping centres, with immediate access LDCT for those at high risk (6-year ≥1.51%, PLCO
We report results from the second annual screening round (T1) of Manchester’s ‘Lung Health Check’ pilot community-based lung cancer in deprived areas (undertaken June to August 2017). Screening adherence was 90% (n=1194/1323): 92% CT scans were classified negative, 6% indeterminate and 2.5% positive; there no interval cancers. Lung incidence 1.6% (n=19), 79% stage I, treatments included surgery (42%, n=9), stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (26%, n=5) radical (5%, n=1). False-positive rate...
Giant African pouched rats equipped with video cameras may be a tenable option for locating living humans trapped under debris from collapsed structures. In the present study, 5 were trained to contact human targets in simulated building and return release point after hearing signal do so. During test sessions, each rat located more often than it similar‐sized inanimate on which had not previously been spent time within 1 m of target other targets. Overall, found humans, plastic bags...
Background While some research shows that dogs are able to detect lung cancer at above-chance levels using breath samples, the relative utility of other sample types has not been established. We evaluated comparative human and saliva samples for detection with dogs. Methods 7 assessed from 490 patients attending a General Respiratory Clinic. Dogs were trained an automated apparatus identify who later diagnosed cancer. Sensitivity specificity measures used compare dogs’ performance each type....
The motivating operations concept has generated substantial conceptual analysis and research interest. Following an of how affect behavior, one which emphasizes the interactive role discriminative stimuli, we propose: a) redefining as that modulate reinforcing or punishing effectiveness particular kinds events control behavior by stimuli historically relevant to those , b) dropping distinction between behavior‐altering function‐altering effects operations, c) reducing eliminating emphasis on...
African pouched rats sniffing sputum samples provided by local clinics have significantly increased tuberculosis case findings in Tanzania and Mozambique. The objective of this study was to determine the reproducibility rat results.Over an 18-month period 11,869 were examined rats. Intra-rater reliability assessed through Yule's Q. Inter-rater with Krippendorff's alpha.Intra-rater high, a mean Q 0.9. agreement fair, Krippendorf's alpha ranging from 0.15 0.45. Both Intra- independent sex...
Background This study established evidence about the diagnostic performance of trained giant African pouched rats for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum well-characterised patients with presumptive (TB) a high-burden setting. Methods The TB detection were evaluated using samples enrolled two prospective cohort studies Bagamoyo, Tanzania. characterised by smear microscopy and culture, including subsequent antigen or molecular confirmation tuberculosis, clinical data at enrolment...
Abstract To date, laboratory scent-detection work with dogs has been a manual process whereby some or all aspects of the procedures are mediated by researchers. Automation this would eliminate issues associated cuing, subjectivity in data collection, and reinforcement delivery. Herein, I describe an automated apparatus that can accommodate almost any type sample be brought into laboratory. The consists 17-segment carousel rotates behind panel. Dogs access single at time through port Infrared...
Enhanced tuberculosis (TB) case finding using detection rats in Tanzania.To assess the diagnostic accuracy of compared with culture and Xpert® MTB/RIF, to compare enhanced case-finding algorithms smear-negative presumptive TB patients.A fully paired study which sputum new adult patients Tanzania was tested smear microscopy, 11 rats, Xpert.Of 771 eligible participants, 345 (45%) were culture-positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 264 (34%) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive. The...
AbstractEvery article published in the Journal of Organizational Behavior Management from 1982 through 2012 that contained term motivating operation (or a related term) was examined. Seventy-six articles used relevant term. Authors attempts to categorize and explain behavioral effects many aspects interventions (e.g., rules, feedback, goal-setting), everyday occurrences organizations nicotine deprivation, top management support), characteristics behaving individuals optimism, personality...
Scent-detection animals are routinely evaluated for detection accuracy a wide range of targets. The obtained estimates vary widely, even with the same species detector (e.g., dogs) and target type lung cancer). One factor that may contribute to these varied results is variability in point at which transitioned test. If training incomplete, non-representative estimate animal's potential performance will likely be obtained. Descriptions evaluation research scent-detection commonly include...
Because the location of landmines is initially unknown, it impossible to arrange differential reinforcement for accurate detection by pouched rats working on actual minefields. Therefore, provision must be made maintenance responses an alternative strategy. The present experiment evaluated a procedure in which plastic bag containing 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT), active ingredient most landmines, was placed contact with ground disturbed area, then removed, establish opportunities...