Mohamed Sasamalo
A5063714646- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Gut microbiota and health
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Ultrasound in Clinical Applications
- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Genomics and Rare Diseases
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Biomedical and Engineering Education
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
- Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
- COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies
Ifakara Health Institute
2016-2025
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute
2015-2024
University of Basel
2015-2023
University of Bagamoyo
2020
SummaryBackgroundThe broad use of bedaquiline and pretomanid as the mainstay new regimens to combat tuberculosis is a risk due increasing resistance. We aimed assess safety, bactericidal activity, pharmacokinetics BTZ-043, first-in-class DprE1 inhibitor with strong activity in murine models.MethodsThis open-label, dose-expansion, randomised, controlled, phase 1b/2a trial was conducted two specialised sites Cape Town, South Africa. Adults aged 18–64 years newly diagnosed pulmonary sensitive...
There is an urgent need for rapid, non-sputum point-of-care diagnostics to detect tuberculosis. This prospective trial in seven high tuberculosis burden countries evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of urine-based lipoarabinomannan assay FUJIFILM SILVAMP TB LAM (FujiLAM) among inpatients and outpatients living with HIV. Diagnostic performance FujiLAM was assessed against a mycobacterial reference standard (sputum culture, blood Xpert Ultra from urine sputum at enrollment, additional culture ≤7...
Abstract Objectives SQ109, an asymmetrical diamine, is a novel anti-TB drug candidate. This first study in patients was done to determine safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and bacteriological effect of different doses SQ109 alone combination with rifampicin when administered over 14 days. Patients methods Smear-positive pulmonary TB were randomized into six groups 15 receive once-daily oral treatment 75, 150 or 300 mg (10 mg/kg body weight), plus for hospitalized supervised treatment,...
Tuberculosis (TB) induces a systemic inflammatory state affecting iron homeostasis. Patients with TB often have additional comorbidities such as anemia which can result in poorer treat outcomes. We studied the contribution of and role regulatory hormone hepcidin among patients household contacts.We analyzed serum samples from 102 cases 98 controls without TB, matched by age/sex, for hepcidin, iron, inflammation parameters. Five developed within 12 months. used linear regression to assess...
Background Helminth infections can negatively affect the immunologic host control, which may increase risk of progression from latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to (TB) disease and alter clinical presentation TB. We assessed prevalence determined relevance helminth co-infection among TB patients household contact controls in urban Tanzania. Methodology Between November 2013 October 2015, we enrolled adult (≥18 years) sputum smear-positive without during an ongoing cohort study Dar...
<ns3:p><ns3:bold>Background: </ns3:bold>Lineage 1 (L1) and 3 (L3) are two lineages of the<ns3:italic> Mycobacterium tuberculosis</ns3:italic> complex (MTBC) causing tuberculosis (TB) in humans. L1 L3 prevalent around the rim Indian Ocean, region that accounts for most world’s new TB cases. Despite their relevance this region, remain understudied.</ns3:p><ns3:p> <ns3:bold>Methods: </ns3:bold>We analyzed 2,938 2,030 whole genome sequences originating from 69 countries. We reconstructed...
In settings with high tuberculosis (TB) endemicity, distinct genotypes of the Mycobacterium complex (MTBC) often differ in prevalence. However, factors leading to these differences remain poorly understood. Here we studied MTBC population Dar es Salaam, Tanzania over a six-year period, using 1,082 unique patient-derived whole-genome sequences (WGS) and associated clinical data. We show that TB epidemic Salaam is dominated by multiple introduced from different parts world during last 300...
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) comprises nine human-adapted lineages that differ in their geographical distribution. Local adaptation of specific MTBC genotypes to the respective human host population has been invoked this context. We aimed assess if bacterial genetics governs pathogenesis or local co-adaptation translates into differential susceptibility macrophages infection by different genotypes. generated from cryopreserved blood mononuclear cells Tanzanian patients,...
Background: Lineage 1 (L1) and 3 (L3) are two lineages of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) causing (TB) in humans. L1 L3 prevalent around rim Indian Ocean, region that accounts for most world's new TB cases. Despite their relevance this region, remain understudied. Methods: We analyzed 2,938 2,030 whole genome sequences originating from 69 countries. reconstructed evolutionary history these identified genes under positive selection. Results: found a strongly asymmetric pattern...
Abstract Background The World Health Organization–approved Xpert MTB/XDR test detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones, ethionamide, injectable drugs directly in specimens. This pragmatic, laboratory-based study assessed the diagnostic accuracy feasibility of a reflex testing approach, where was performed on residual specimens previously processed for MTB/RIF Ultra. Methods Routine respiratory specimens, Ultra, were stored sample reagent buffer at...
Infectious diseases have affected humanity for millennia and are among the strongest selective forces. Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient disease, caused by human-adapted members of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). The outcome TB infection disease highly variable, co-evolution between human populations their MTBC strains may account some this variability. Particular genetic ancestries been associated with higher susceptibility to TB, but socio-demographic aspects can confound such...
Infectious diseases have affected humanity for millennia and are among the strongest selective forces. Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient disease, caused by human-adapted members of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). The outcome TB infection disease highly variable, co-evolution between human populations their MTBC strains may account some this variability. Particular genetic ancestries been associated with higher susceptibility to TB, but socio-demographic aspects can confound such...
Fine needle aspiration biopsy has become a standard approach for diagnosis of peripheral tuberculous lymphadenitis. The aim this study was to compare the performance Xpert MTB/RIF and Ustar EasyNAT TB IAD nucleic acid amplification assays, against acid-fast bacilli microscopy, cytology mycobacterial culture lymphadenitis in children from TB-endemic setting Tanzania.Children 8 weeks 16 years age, suspected having lymphadenitis, were recruited at district hospital Tanzania. aspirates lymph...
Differences in rural and urban settings could account for distinct characteristics the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB). We comparatively studied epidemiological features TB helminth co-infections adult patients from Tanzania.Adult (≥ 18 years) with microbiologically confirmed pulmonary were consecutively enrolled into two cohorts Dar es Salaam, ~ 4.4 million inhabitants (urban), Ifakara sparsely populated Kilombero District 400 000 (rural). Clinical data obtained at recruitment. Stool...
CD4 T cell phenotyping-based blood assays have the potential to meet WHO target product profiles (TPP) of non-sputum-biomarker-based tests diagnose tuberculosis (TB). Yet, substantial refinements are required allow their implementation in clinical settings. This study assessed real time performance a simplified activation marker (TAM)-TB assay detect TB adults from one millilitre with 24 h turnaround time. We recruited 479 GeneXpert positive cases and 108 symptomatic but negative controls...
Each day, approximately 27,000 people become ill with tuberculosis (TB), and 4,000 die from this disease. Pulmonary TB is the main clinical form of TB, affects lungs a considerably heterogeneous manifestation among patients. Immunomodulation by an interplay host-, environment-, pathogen-associated factors partially explains such heterogeneity. Microbial communities residing in host's airways have immunomodulatory effects, but it unclear if inter-individual variability these microbial...
Abstract Rationale There is an urgent need for rapid, non-sputum point-of-care diagnostics to detect tuberculosis. Objectives This prospective trial in seven high tuberculosis burden countries set out evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of urine-based lipoarabinomannan assay FUJIFILM SILVAMP TB LAM (FujiLAM) among inpatient and outpatient people living with HIV. Methods Diagnostic performance FujiLAM at point care was assessed adult HIV against a mycobacterial reference standard (sputum...
Objective We examined the effect of an instructional video about production diagnostic sputum on case detection tuberculosis (TB), and evaluated acceptance video. Trial Design Randomized controlled trial. Methods prepared a culturally adapted for submission. analyzed 200 presumptive TB cases coughing more than two weeks who attended outpatient department governmental Municipal Hospital in Mwananyamala (Dar es Salaam, Tanzania). They were randomly assigned to either receive instructions...
Background This study established evidence about the diagnostic performance of trained giant African pouched rats for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum well-characterised patients with presumptive (TB) a high-burden setting. Methods The TB detection were evaluated using samples enrolled two prospective cohort studies Bagamoyo, Tanzania. characterised by smear microscopy and culture, including subsequent antigen or molecular confirmation tuberculosis, clinical data at enrolment...
Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Current WHO-recommended strategies for diagnosing TB hospitalized PLHIV rely on symptom screening disease severity to assess eligibility urine lipoarabinomannan lateral flow (LF-LAM) molecular testing. Despite these recommendations, autopsy studies show a large burden undiagnosed admitted PLHIV. The EXULTANT trial aims the impact expanded strategy using three specimens (sputum, stool,...
Culture contamination with environmental bacteria is a major challenge in tuberculosis (TB) laboratories hot and humid climate zones. We studied the effect of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) preservation on culture results performance Xpert MTB/RIF.Consecutive sputum samples from microscopy smear-positive TB patients were collected. Two-hundred equally split two aliquots, one aliquot was treated CPC stored at ambient temperature for 7 days. The second immediately processed. Samples...
BackgroundRespiratory tract microbiota has been described as the gatekeeper for respiratory health. We aimed to assess impact of standard-of-care and experimental anti-tuberculosis treatment regimens on microbiome implications outcomes.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we analysed sputum participants with tuberculosis treated six versus who were part HIGHRIF study 2 (NCT00760149) PanACEA MAMS-TB (NCT01785186) clinical trials across a 3-month follow-up period. Samples from in Mbeya,...