A5019623012- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Malaria Research and Control
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Epilepsy research and treatment
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Dermatological diseases and infestations
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Biotechnology and Related Fields
- Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Energy and Environment Impacts
Kenya Medical Research Institute
2014-2024
Kenyatta National Hospital
2020-2021
Kenyatta University
2011
Kenya Methodist University
2011
Saitama International Medical Center
2004
Shortening the course of treatment for tuberculosis would be a major improvement case management and disease control. This phase 3 trial assessed efficacy safety 4-month gatifloxacin-containing regimen treating rifampin-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis.We conducted noninferiority, randomized, open-label, controlled involving patients 18 to 65 years age with smear-positive, rifampin-sensitive, newly diagnosed in five sub-Saharan African countries. A standard 6-month that included ethambutol...
Despite the frequent association of respiratory symptoms and signs with malarial morbidity mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, value individual has rarely been assessed. We have prospectively examined clinical findings summary diagnosis distress, outcome, presence metabolic acidosis children admitted severe malaria to a Kenyan district hospital. Respiratory distress was present 119 350 included study 23 30 deaths (relative risk = 6.5, 95% confidence interval 2.8–14.4). The features history...
Abstract Objectives SQ109, an asymmetrical diamine, is a novel anti-TB drug candidate. This first study in patients was done to determine safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and bacteriological effect of different doses SQ109 alone combination with rifampicin when administered over 14 days. Patients methods Smear-positive pulmonary TB were randomized into six groups 15 receive once-daily oral treatment 75, 150 or 300 mg (10 mg/kg body weight), plus for hospitalized supervised treatment,...
Treatment for TB is lengthy and toxic, new regimens are needed.
Pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine, the first choice for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Africa, exerts strong selection pressure resistance because of its slow elimination. It is likely that will emerge rapidly, and there no widely affordable replacement. Chlorproguanil-dapsone cheap, rapidly eliminated, more potent than pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine, could be introduced near future to delay onset antifolate as "salvage therapy" pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine failure. A total 448 children were randomly...
Background Although 1 billion people live in informal (slum) settlements, the consequences for respiratory health of living these settlements remain largely unknown. This study investigated whether children an settlement Nairobi, Kenya are at increased risk asthma symptoms. Methods Children attending schools Mukuru (an Nairobi) and a more affluent area (Buruburu) were compared. Questionnaires quantified symptoms environmental exposures; spirometry was performed; personal exposure to...
The disposition of chlorproguanil/dapsone (one daily dose for 3 d 1·2 and 2·4 mg/kg respectively) has been studied in young children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria, to provide data complementary a clinical trial this drug combination. Unbound concentrations chlorcycloguanil (the active metabolite chlorproguanil) dapsone samples have related the unbound which produced defined outcomes tests vitro efficacy toxicity. Twelve uncomplicated malaria were treated: all cleared parasitaemia within...
We have compared the efficacy of artemether versus quinine as treatment for cerebral malaria in children an open randomized clinical trial Kenya. Children admitted to hospital with coma and Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia were treated either intramuscular (3.2 mg/kg loading dose followed by 1 · 6 daily) or intravenous (20 10 every 8 h). Both drugs well tolerated no significant adverse effect was observed. Parasite clearance times (50% 90%) shorter patients (median [h], interquartile...
Using classical and genomic epidemiology, we tracked the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya over 23 months to determine impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on its progression. surveillance testing data were obtained from Ministry Health, collected daily 306 health facilities. COVID-19-associated fatality also these facilities communities. Whole genome sequencing carried out 1241 specimens. Over duration (March 2020–January 2022), experienced five waves characterized by attack rates (AR) between 65.4 137.6...
The incidence and severity of tuberculosis chemotherapy toxicity is poorly characterised. We used data available from patients in the REMoxTB trial to provide an assessment risks associated with standard regimen two experimental regimens containing moxifloxacin. All grade 3 & 4 adverse events (AEs) their relationship treatment for who had taken at least one dose therapy clinical were recorded. Univariable logistic regression was test baseline characteristics AEs significant (p < 0.10)...
In 2014 the Kenya National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (KENITAG) was asked by Ministry of Health to provide an evidence-based recommendation on whether seasonal influenza vaccine should be introduced into national immunization program (NIP).We reviewed KENITAG manuals, reports and meeting minutes generated between June 2016 in order describe process used arriving at that challenges encountered.KENITAG developed a framework identify critical, important non-critical data elements...
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of smoking and investigate factors that may influence behaviour in secondary school students Nairobi. Design: Cross-sectional survey which a self-administered questionnaire was issued to students. Setting: Sampled public private schools Participants: All selected were included study. Results: Five thousand, three hundred eleven(74. 1%) covered. There 3658 boys 1653 girls The mean age 16.7 years SD ± 1.48. study covered 3065(77.3%) 2246 (70....
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children. Recent ART recommendations have increased the number of children on ART.To determine prevalence and incidence TB HIV-infected after implementation expanded guidelines.A prospective cohort study including aged 6 weeks to 14 years was conducted Kenya. The primary outcome measure clinically diagnosed TB. Study participants were screened for prevalent at enrollment using...
Solar lamps are a clean and potentially cost-effective alternative to polluting kerosene used by millions of families in developing countries. By how much solar actually reduce exposure pollutants, however, has not been examined. Twenty households using mainly for lighting were enrolled through secondary school Busia County, Kenya. Personal PM2.5 CO concentrations measured on pupil an adult each household, before after provision 3 lamps. main living areas, pupils' bedrooms, kitchens. Usage...
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has generally been regarded to be an uncommon opportunistic infection in HIV infected individuals sub-Saharan Africa. The reason for this not clear but postulates included a lack of suitable pathogenic types the African environment, diagnostic difficulties and more commonly held belief that were dying early from common non-opportunistic pathogens before severe degrees immunosuppression occured. Recently trend emerged at Mbagathi district hospital whereby...
Objectives Early diagnosis and timely treatment are key elements of a successful healthcare system. We assessed the role socioeconomic cultural norms in accelerating or decelerating uptake utilisation health technologies into policy practice. Setting Secondary tertiary level facilities (HCFs) three East African countries. Level HCF was selected based on WHO recommendation for implantation tuberculosis (TB) molecular diagnostics. Participants Using implementation TB diagnostics as model, we...
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a poisonous gas produced by incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels that linked to mortality and morbidity. Household air pollution from burning on poorly ventilated stoves can lead high concentrations CO in homes. There are few datasets available household urban areas sub-Saharan African countries. was measured every minute over 24 hours sample homes Nairobi, Kenya. Data characteristics were gathered questionnaire. Metrics exposure summarised analysis temporal...
Tuberculosis (TB), an ancient scourge of humanity known for several thousands years, is still a significant public health challenge in many countries today even though some progress has been made recent years controlling the disease. The study’s aim was to determine prevalence mutations responsible drug resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis among patients visiting selected centers Nairobi, Kenya. cross-sectional study involved 132 TB positive Mbagathi and Chandaria hospitals between...
Using classical and genomic epidemiology, we tracked the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya over 23 months to determine impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on its progression.
ABSTRACT The effects on ventricular repolarization—recorded the electrocardiogram (ECG) as lengthening of QT interval—of acute tuberculosis and those standard alternative antituberculosis regimens are underdocumented. A correction factor (QTc) is introduced to make independent heart rate, translating into slope regression line between rate being close zero. ECGs were performed predosing 1 5 h postdosing (month 1, month 2, end treatment) around drugs' peak concentration time in patients...
Influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus emerged in North America 2009 and has been established as a seasonal strain humans. After an antigenic stasis of about six years, new antigenically distinct variants the globally 2016 necessitating change vaccine formulation for first time 2017. Herein, we analyzed thirty-eight HA sequences influenza strains isolated Kenya during 2015–2018 seasons, to evaluate their molecular properties based on HA1 sub-unit. Our analyses revealed that circulated this period...
Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance is an emerging health problem in Kenya and especially slums. Slum environments create a conducive environment for the spread of tuberculosis (TB) due to high population density lack basic amenities such as decent housing, access clean water, drainage sanitation. Furthermore, ineffective services crowded poorer populations, poor patient compliance, large pool untreated cases, delayed diagnosis inappropriate treatment regimens are likely favour selection...