A5090566761- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- ICT in Developing Communities
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Rabies epidemiology and control
- Tracheal and airway disorders
- Blood donation and transfusion practices
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
University of London
2024
University College London
2024
Wellcome Trust
2024
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2024
United Nations Children's Fund
2024
Ministry of Health
2009-2023
Kenya Medical Research Institute
2022-2023
Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
2017
Global Vaccines (United States)
2016
Kenya Medical Training College
2012
Ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10), delivered at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age was introduced in Kenya January, 2011, accompanied by a catch-up campaign Kilifi County for children aged younger than 5 years. Coverage with least two PCV10 doses 2-11 months 80% 2011 84% 2016; coverage one dose 12-59 66% 87% 2016. We aimed to assess effect against nasopharyngeal carriage invasive disease (IPD) adults County.
Background High rates of typhoid fever in children urban settings Asia have led to focus on childhood immunization Asian cities, but not Africa, where data, mostly from rural areas, shown low disease incidence. We set out compare incidence a densely populated slum and community Kenya, hypothesizing higher the area, given crowding suboptimal access safe water, sanitation hygiene. Methods During 2007-9, we conducted population-based surveillance Kibera, an informal settlement Nairobi, Lwak,...
Globally, vaccine preventable diseases are responsible for nearly 20 % of deaths annually among children <5 years old. Worldwide, many dropout from the vaccination program, vaccinated late, or incompletely vaccinated. We evaluated impact text messaging and sticker reminders to reduce dropouts program. The evaluation was conducted in three selected districts Kenya: Machakos, Langata Njoro. Three health facilities were each district, randomly allocated send messages provide stickers reminding...
Background The epidemiology of non-Typhi Salmonella (NTS) bacteremia in Africa will likely evolve as potential co-factors, such HIV, malaria, and urbanization, also change. Methods As part population-based surveillance among 55,000 persons malaria-endemic, rural malaria-nonendemic, urban Kenya from 2006–2009, blood cultures were obtained patients presenting to referral clinics with fever ≥38.0°C or severe acute respiratory infection. Incidence rates adjusted based on compatible illnesses,...
Abstract Background Vaccination remains the most effective means of reducing burden infectious disease among children. It is estimated to prevent between two three million child deaths annually. However, despite being a successful intervention, basic vaccination coverage below target. About 20 infants are either under or not fully vaccinated, whom in Sub-Saharan Africa region. In Kenya, even lower at 83% than global average 86%. The objective this study explore factors that contribute low...
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are an expensive component of the routine immunization schedule. Fractional-dose regimens may be one option to increase sustainability vaccine program.
Abstract Background Rotavirus remains a leading cause of pediatric diarrheal illness and death worldwide. Data on rotavirus vaccine effectiveness in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. Kenya introduced monovalent (RV1) July 2014. We assessed RV1 against rotavirus-associated hospitalization Kenyan children. Methods Between 2014 December 2017, we conducted surveillance for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) 3 hospitals. From children age-eligible ≥1 dose, with stool tested confirmed vaccination history...
The benefits of childhood vaccines are critically dependent on vaccination coverage. We used a vaccine registry (as gold standard) in Kenya to quantify errors routine coverage methods (surveys and administrative reports), estimate the magnitude survivor bias, contrast with timeliness use both measures population immunity. Vaccination records children Kilifi Health Demographic Surveillance System (KHDSS), were combined births, deaths, migration residence data from 2010 17. Using inverse...
Cervical cancer claims the lives of 275,000 women each year; most these deaths occur in low-or middle-income countries. In Kenya, cervical is leading cause cancer-related mortality among reproductive age. Kenya's Ministry Public Health and Sanitation has developed a comprehensive strategy to prevent cancer, which includes plans for vaccinating preteen girls against human papillomavirus (HPV) by 2015. To identify HPV vaccine communication mobilization needs, this research sought understand...
Background In 2016, Kenya conducted a study of missed opportunities for vaccination (MOV)—when eligible children have contact with the health system but are not fully vaccinated—to explore some reasons persistent low coverage. This paper details qualitative findings from that assessment. Methods Using World Health Organization MOV methodology, teams focus group discussions among caregivers and workers in-depth interviews key informants in 10 counties Kenya. Caregivers <24 months age visiting...
Background In November 2016, the Kenya National Vaccines and Immunization Programme conducted an assessment of missed opportunities for vaccination (MOV) using World Health Organization (WHO) MOV methodology. A includes any contact with health services during which eligible individual does not receive all vaccine doses he or she is eligible. Methods The in was 10 geographically diverse counties, comprising exit interviews caregivers knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP) surveys workers. On...
Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine measles immunisation and supplementary activities (SIAs) in most countries including Kenya. We assessed the risk of outbreaks during Kenya as a case study for African Region. Methods Combining serological data, local contact patterns, vaccination coverage into cohort model, we predicted age-adjusted population immunity estimated probability when contact-reducing interventions are lifted. considered various scenarios reduced from...
Introduction Measles is a vaccine-preventable disease whose elimination depends on the measles-containing vaccine (MCV) coverage of ≥95% in population. In 2020, Kenya reported 597 cases, an increase 158 cases from those 2019. This study aimed to estimate measles and factors associated with its uptake Cherangany Sub County. Methods We conducted cross-sectional using cluster sampling County Trans Nzoia May 2021. enrolled eligible children aged between 24–59 months interviewed their caregivers...
Cholera outbreaks continue to occur regularly in Africa. has been associated with proximity lakes East Africa, and Vibrio cholerae found experimentally concentrate on the floating aquatic plant, water hyacinth, which is periodically widespread African since late 1980s. From 1994 2008, Nyanza Province, Kenyan province bordering Lake Victoria, accounted for a larger proportion of cholera cases than expected by its population size (38.7% versus 15.3% national population). Yearly water-hyacinth...
Introduction To achieve measles elimination, two doses of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) are provided through routine immunization services or vaccination campaigns. In May 2016, Kenya conducted a measles-rubella (MR) campaign targeting 19 million children aged 9 months–14 years, with goal achieving ≥95% coverage. We post-campaign cluster survey to estimate national coverage and classify in Kenya's 47 counties. Methods The stratified multi-stage included data from 20,011 8,253 households...
In 2014 the Kenya National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (KENITAG) was asked by Ministry of Health to provide an evidence-based recommendation on whether seasonal influenza vaccine should be introduced into national immunization program (NIP).We reviewed KENITAG manuals, reports and meeting minutes generated between June 2016 in order describe process used arriving at that challenges encountered.KENITAG developed a framework identify critical, important non-critical data elements...
Abstract Background Monovalent rotavirus vaccine, Rotarix (GlaxoSmithKline), was introduced in Kenya July 2014 and is recommended to infants as oral doses at ages 6 10 weeks. A multisite study established 2 population-based surveillance sites evaluate vaccine impact on the incidence of rotavirus-associated hospitalizations (RVHs). Methods Hospital-based conducted from January 2010 June 2017 for acute diarrhea among children aged &lt;5 years health facilities Kenya. controlled interrupted...
Prompt provision of post-exposure-prophylaxis (PEP) including vaccines and rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) to persons bitten by suspect rabid dogs is a key strategy eliminating human deaths from dog-mediated in Kenya 2030. We assessed the availability, forecasting supply chain logistics for PEP Kenya, compared with system used expanded program immunization (routine vaccines). Semi-structured questionnaires capturing data on forecasting, procurement, distribution, cold storage, monitoring...
Background Home-based records (HBRs), which take many forms, serve as an important tool for frontline health workers by providing a standardized patient history vital to making informed decisions about the need immunization services. There are increasing concerns around HBRs with recording areas that functionally irrelevant because incomplete or not up-to-date. The aim of this report was describe HBR ownership and on utilization selected in across study communities Kenya. Methods Kenya...
Background The RTS,S/ASO1 E malaria vaccine is being piloted in three countries—Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi—as part of a coordinated evaluation led by the World Health Organization, with support from global partners. This study estimates costs continuing vaccination upon completion pilot to inform decision-making planning around potential further use areas. Methods We used an activity-based costing approach estimate incremental deliver four doses through existing Expanded Program on...
Background To achieve a measles free world, effective communication must be part of all elimination plans. The choice approaches evidence based, locally appropriate, interactive and community owned. In this article, we document the innovative approach using house visits supported by web-enabled mobile phone application to create real-time platform for adaptive management supplemental immunization days in Kenya.
In 2009, Gavi, the World Bank, and donors launched pneumococcal Advance Market Commitment, which helped countries access more affordable vaccines. As many low-income begin to reach threshold at transition from Gavi support self-financing (3-year average gross national income per capita of US$1580), they will need consider whether continue conjugate vaccine (PCV) use full cost or discontinue PCV in their childhood immunisation programmes. Using Kenya as a case study, we assessed incremental...
Although electronic health information systems (EHIS) with immunization components exist in Kenya, questions and concerns remain about their use alignment the Kenya Ministry of Health's (MOH) National Vaccine Immunization Program (NVIP). This article reports on findings an assessment select EHIS specifically related to system design, development, implementation.We conducted a rapid from January May 2017 understand implementation including lessons learned use. We also assessed how data...