A5067318365- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Respiratory viral infections research
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Malaria Research and Control
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Epilepsy research and treatment
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Neonatal and Maternal Infections
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2016-2025
Kenya Medical Research Institute
2011-2024
University College London
2006-2024
University of London
2010-2024
Wellcome Trust
2014-2024
University of Maryland, Baltimore
2024
MRC Epidemiology Unit
2013-2023
MRC Unit the Gambia
2019-2023
Medical Research Council
2011-2019
Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit
2019
Pandemic progress in Kenya By the end of July 2020, had reported only 341 deaths and ∼20,000 cases COVID-19. This is marked contrast to tens thousands many higher-income countries. The true extent COVID-19 community was unknown likely be higher than reports indicated. Uyoga et al. found an overall seroprevalence among blood donors 4.3%, peaking 35- 44-year-old individuals (see Perspective by Maeda Nkengasong). low mortality can partly explained steep demographics Kenya, where less 4%...
The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries is poorly described. We aimed to measure impact 2020 national lockdown testing treatment KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, where 1·7 million people are living with HIV.In this interrupted time series analysis, we analysed anonymised programmatic data from 65 primary care clinics KwaZulu-Natal province, Africa. included for HIV, initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART), collecting ART at participating...
Background Improvements to housing may contribute malaria control and elimination by reducing house entry vectors thus exposure biting. We tested the hypothesis that odds of infection are lower in modern, improved compared traditional sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods Findings analysed 15 Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) 14 Malaria Indicator (MIS) conducted 21 countries SSA between 2008 2015 measured microscopy or rapid diagnostic test (RDT). DHS/MIS surveys record whether houses built with...
The onchocerciasis transmission models EPIONCHO and ONCHOSIM have been independently developed used to explore the feasibility of eliminating from Africa with mass (annual or biannual) distribution ivermectin within timeframes proposed by World Health Organization (WHO) endorsed 2012 London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases (i.e. 2020/2025). Based findings our previous model comparison, we implemented technical refinements tested projections against long-term epidemiological data...
<b>Objectives</b> To estimate survival after a diagnosis of dementia in primary care, compared with people without dementia, and to determine incidence dementia. <b>Design</b> Cohort study using data from The Health Improvement Network (THIN), care database. <b>Setting</b> 353 general practices the United Kingdom providing THIN. <b>Participants</b> All adults aged 60 years or over first ever code for 1990 2007 (n=22 529); random sample five participants every participant matched on practice...
Strategies for prevention of depression are hindered by lack evidence about the combined predictive effect known risk factors.To develop a algorithm onset major depression.Cohort adult general practice attendees followed up at 6 and 12 months. We measured 39 factors to construct model using stepwise logistic regression. corrected overfitting tested it in an external population.General practices European countries Chile.In Europe Chile, 10 045 were recruited April 2003 February 2005. The was...
<h3>Background</h3> The natural history of chronic HBV infection in sub-Saharan Africa is unknown. Data are required to inform WHO guidelines that currently based on studies Europe and Asia. <h3>Methods</h3> Between 1974 2008, serosurveys were repeated two Gambian villages, an open cohort treatment-naive carriers was recruited. Participants followed estimate the rates hepatitis B e (HBeAg) surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance incidence hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In 2012–2013, a...
Regular distribution of ivermectin reduces onchocerciasis transmission and morbidity by killing, within humans, the microfilarial stage parasite (microfilaricidal effect). In addition, exerts a so-called embryostatic effect which production adult female worm becomes suppressed during number weeks after treatment. To assess overall on evaluate likelihood local elimination infection it is important to estimate magnitude anti-fertility over course treatment programme. Estimates repeated drug...
Pneumonia is the leading cause of childhood death in developing world. Higher-quality etiological data are required to reduce this mortality burden.We conducted a case-control study pneumonia etiology among children aged 1-59 months rural Kenya. Case patients were hospitalized with World Health Organization-defined severe (SP) or very (VSP); controls outpatient without pneumonia. We collected blood for culture, induced sputum culture and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), obtained...
Background Good house construction may reduce the risk of malaria by limiting entry mosquito vectors. We assessed how design affect and in Uganda. Methods 100 households were enrolled each three sub-counties: Walukuba, Jinja district; Kihihi, Kanungu Nagongera, Tororo district. CDC light trap collections mosquitoes done monthly all homes. All children aged six months to ten years (n = 878) followed prospectively for a total 24 measure parasite prevalence every incidence. Homes classified as...
This study aimed to quantify the effect of age, time since last infection, and infection history on rate respiratory syncytial virus age risk disease. A birth cohort 635 children in Kilifi, Kenya, was monitored for infections from January 31, 2002, April 22, 2005. Predictors were examined by Cox regression disease binomial regression. total 598 identified (411 primary, 187 repeat), with 409 determined antigen assay 189 antibody alone (using a “most pragmatic” serologic definition). The...
Amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmBd) is the recommended induction treatment for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis (CM). Its use hampered by toxicities that include electrolyte abnormalities, nephrotoxicity, and anemia. Protocols to minimize toxicity are applied inconsistently. In a clinical trial cohort of AmBd-based CM treatment, standardized protocol preemptive hydration supplementation was applied. Changes in blood counts, levels, creatinine levels over 14 days were analyzed relation...
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are used in many low-income countries but their impact on the incidence of pneumonia is unclear. The Gambia introduced PCV7 August, 2009, and PCV13 May, 2011. We aimed to measure introduction these incidence.We did population-based surveillance case-control studies. primary endpoint was WHO-defined radiological with pulmonary consolidation. Population-based for suspected children aged 2-59 months (minimum age 3 study) between May 12, 2008, Dec 31, 2015....
Observed SARS-CoV-2 infections and deaths are low in tropical Africa raising questions about the extent of transmission. We measured IgG by ELISA 9,922 blood donors across Kenya adjusted for sampling bias test performance. By 1st September 2020, 577 COVID-19 were observed nationwide seroprevalence was 9.1% (95%CI 7.6-10.8%). Seroprevalence Nairobi 22.7% (18.0-27.7%). Although most people remained susceptible, had spread widely with apparently associated mortality.
There are few data assessing the uptake of first-line dolutegravir among men and women living with HIV in low-income middle-income countries, subsequent clinical outcomes non-trial settings. We aimed to determine women, effect on routine care South Africa.
Interrupted time series are increasingly being used to assess the population impact of public health interventions. These data usually correlated over (auto correlated) and this must be accounted for in analysis. Typically, is done using either Prais‐Winsten method, Newey‐West or autoregressive‐moving‐average (ARMA) modeling. In paper, we illustrate these methods via a study pneumococcal vaccine introduction explore their performance under 20 simulated autocorrelation scenarios with sample...