A5029384863- Malaria Research and Control
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Travel-related health issues
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Healthcare Systems and Reforms
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
- Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Complement system in diseases
- Health Policy Implementation Science
- Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Neonatal Health and Biochemistry
- Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2016-2025
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
2023-2025
Kenya Medical Research Institute
2023-2025
Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration
2014-2024
Makerere University
2003-2024
University of California, San Francisco
2003-2024
Faculty of Public Health
2023
McMaster University
2023
Ministry of Health
2014-2023
Tulane University
2023
The Plasmodium falciparum entomological inoculation rate (Pf EIR) is a measure of exposure to infectious mosquitoes. It usually interpreted as the number P. infective bites received by an individual during season or annually (aPf EIR). In area perennial transmission, accuracy, precision and seasonal distribution (i.e., month month) aPf EIR were investigated. Data drawn from three sites in Uganda with differing levels transmission where malaria transmitted mainly Anopheles gambiae s.l....
BackgroundLong-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are the primary malaria prevention tool, but their effectiveness is threatened by pyrethroid resistance. We embedded a pragmatic cluster-randomised trial into Uganda's national LLIN campaign to compare conventional LLINs with those containing piperonyl butoxide (PBO), synergist that can partially restore susceptibility in mosquito vectors.Methods104 health sub-districts, from 48 districts Uganda, were randomly assigned PBO (PermaNet 3.0 and...
BackgroundSymptomatic malaria cases reflect only a small proportion of all Plasmodium spp infections. Many infected individuals are asymptomatic, and persistent asymptomatic falciparum infections common in endemic settings. We aimed to quantify the contribution symptomatic P transmission Tororo, Uganda.MethodsWe did longitudinal, observational cohort study Tororo district, Uganda. recruited participants ages from randomly selected households within this district. Participants were eligible...
Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying of insecticide (IRS) are the primary vector control interventions used to prevent malaria in Africa. Although both effective some settings, high-quality evidence is rarely available evaluate their effectiveness following deployment by a national program. In Uganda, we measured changes key indicators universal LLIN distribution three sites, with addition IRS at one these sites.Comprehensive surveillance was conducted from...
As many malaria-endemic countries move towards elimination of Plasmodium falciparum, the most virulent human malaria parasite, effective tools for monitoring epidemiology are urgent priorities. P. falciparum population genetic approaches offer promising understanding transmission and spread disease, but a high prevalence multi-clone or polygenomic infections can render estimation even basic parameters, such as allele frequencies, challenging. A previous method, COIL, was developed to...
Background Good house construction may reduce the risk of malaria by limiting entry mosquito vectors. We assessed how design affect and in Uganda. Methods 100 households were enrolled each three sub-counties: Walukuba, Jinja district; Kihihi, Kanungu Nagongera, Tororo district. CDC light trap collections mosquitoes done monthly all homes. All children aged six months to ten years (n = 878) followed prospectively for a total 24 measure parasite prevalence every incidence. Homes classified as...
Fundamental gaps remain in our understanding of how immunity to malaria develops. We used detailed clinical and entomological data from parallel cohort studies conducted across the transmission spectrum Uganda quantify development against symptomatic P. falciparum as a function age intensity. focus on: anti-parasite (i.e. ability control parasite densities) anti-disease tolerate higher densities without fever). Our findings suggest strong effect on both types immunity, not explained by...
Asymptomatic parasitemia is common among schoolchildren living in areas of high malaria transmission, yet little known about its effect on cognitive function these settings. To investigate associations between asymptomatic parasitemia, anemia, and cognition primary a transmission setting, we studied 740 children enrolled clinical trial Tororo, Uganda. Parasitemia, measured by thick blood smears, was present 30% the children. Infected had lower test scores for abstract reasoning (adjusted...
<b>Objectives</b> To examine the impact of use rapid diagnostic tests for malaria on prescribing antimicrobials, specifically antibiotics, acute febrile illness in Africa and Asia. <b>Design</b> Analysis<b></b>of nine preselected linked codesigned observational randomised studies (eight cluster or individually trials one study). <b>Setting</b> Public private healthcare settings, 2007-13, Afghanistan, Cameroon, Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda. <b>Participants</b> 522 480 children adults with...
Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine administered at monthly intervals, but not that dosed once a school term, is remarkably effective measure for the prevention of incidence malaria, prevalence parasitemia, and anemia in schoolchildren living high-transmission setting. Background. Intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) offers promising option malaria control. However, optimal drug dosing regimens IPT remain to be determined. Methods. We conducted randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled...
Abstract Background Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying of insecticide (IRS) are widely recommended for the prevention malaria in endemic regions. Data from human landing catches provide information on impact vector control populations. Here, transmission indoors outdoors, before after mass deployment LLINs IRS Uganda was compared. Methods The study took place Tororo district, a historically high area where universal LLIN distribution conducted November 2013...
Multiple studies have reported a male bias in incidence and/or prevalence of malaria infection males compared to females. To test the hypothesis that sex-based differences host-parasite interactions affect epidemiology malaria, we intensively followed Plasmodium falciparum infections cohort endemic area eastern Uganda and estimated both force (FOI) rate clearance using amplicon deep-sequencing. We found no evidence behavioral risk factors, or FOI by sex. In contrast, females cleared...
Abstract The scale-up of malaria control efforts has led to marked reductions in burden over the past twenty years, but progress slowed. Implementation indoor residual spraying (IRS) insecticide, a proven vector intervention, been limited and difficult sustain partly because questions remain on its added impact widely accepted interventions such as bed nets. Using data from 14 enhanced surveillance health facilities Uganda, country with high net coverage yet burden, we estimate starting...
Routine malaria surveillance data in Africa primarily come from public health facilities reporting to national management information systems. Although on gender is routinely collected patients presenting these facilities, stratification of by rarely done. This study evaluated difference among diagnosed with parasitological confirmed at Uganda.This utilized individual level patient January 2020 through April 2021 12 Uganda and cross-sectional surveys conducted target areas around 2021....
Five years of sustained indoor residual spraying (IRS) insecticide from 2014 to 2019, first using a carbamate followed by an organophosphate, was associated with marked reduction in the incidence malaria five districts Uganda. We assessed changes over additional 21 months, corresponding change IRS formulations clothianidin and without deltamethrin. Using enhanced health facility surveillance data, our objectives were 1) estimate impact on monthly case counts at sites 6.75 year period, 2)...
Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are the cornerstone of malaria control, but their effectiveness is threatened by pyrethroid resistance. We embedded a pragmatic, cluster-randomised trial into Uganda’s national LLIN distribution campaign in 2020–2021, comparing pyrethroid-piperonyl butoxide (PBO) LLINs to pyrethroid-pyriproxyfen LLINs. Target communities surrounding public health facilities (clusters, n=64), covering 32 districts were included. Clusters randomised 1:1 blocks two...
Our goal was to compare the efficacy and safety of buccal midazolam with rectal diazepam in treatment prolonged seizures Ugandan children.This a single-blind, randomized clinical trial which 330 patients were randomly assigned receive or diazepam. The conducted pediatric emergency unit national referral hospital Uganda. Consecutive who aged 3 months 12 years presented while convulsing experienced seizure that lasted >5 minutes plus placebo placebo. primary outcome this study cessation...
Uganda recently adopted artemether-lumefantrine (AL) as the recommended first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria. However, AL has several limitations, including a twice-daily dosing regimen, recommendation administration with fatty food, and high risk of reinfection soon after therapy in transmission areas. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is new alternative artemisinin-based combination that dosed once daily long post-treatment prophylactic effect. We compared efficacy safety DP...