Jienchi Dorward
A5081748396- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Reproductive tract infections research
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Electronic Health Records Systems
- Healthcare Systems and Challenges
- Primary Care and Health Outcomes
- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
University of Oxford
2018-2024
Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa
2017-2024
University of KwaZulu-Natal
2017-2024
Nuffield Health
2020-2024
National Institute for Health Research
2012-2021
Royal College of General Practitioners
2021
Imperial College London
2012-2021
The University of Queensland
2021
UK Research and Innovation
2021
Public Health England
2020
There are few primary care studies of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to identify demographic and clinical risk factors for testing positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within Oxford Royal College General Practitioners (RCGP) Research Surveillance Centre network.We analysed routinely collected, pseudonymised data patients in RCGP sentinel network who were tested SARS-CoV-2 between Jan 28 April 4, 2020. used multivariable logistic regression models with...
<h2>Summary</h2><h3>Background</h3> Azithromycin, an antibiotic with potential antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, has been used to treat COVID-19, but evidence from community randomised trials is lacking. We aimed assess the effectiveness of azithromycin suspected COVID-19 among people in who had increased risk complications. <h3>Methods</h3> In this UK-based, primary care, open-label, multi-arm, adaptive platform trial interventions against at adverse clinical course (PRINCIPLE),...
The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries is poorly described. We aimed to measure impact 2020 national lockdown testing treatment KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, where 1·7 million people are living with HIV.In this interrupted time series analysis, we analysed anonymised programmatic data from 65 primary care clinics KwaZulu-Natal province, Africa. included for HIV, initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART), collecting ART at participating...
Abstract Viral clearance, antibody response and the mutagenic effect of molnupiravir has not been elucidated in at-risk populations. Non-hospitalised participants within 5 days SARS-CoV-2 symptoms randomised to receive (n = 253) or Usual Care 324) were recruited study viral dynamics on whole genome sequence from 1437 genomes. Molnupiravir accelerates load decline, but virus is detectable by Day most cases. At 14 (9 post-treatment), associated with significantly higher persistence lower...
Background: The safety, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of molnupiravir, an oral antiviral medication for SARS-CoV-2, in patients the community who are multiply-vaccinated at increased risk morbidity mortality from COVID-19, has not been established. We aimed to determine whether molnupiravir added usual care reduced hospital admissions/deaths among people higher here report our preliminary analyses.Methods: Participants this UK multicentre, open-label, adaptive, multi-arm, platform,...
There are few data assessing the uptake of first-line dolutegravir among men and women living with HIV in low-income middle-income countries, subsequent clinical outcomes non-trial settings. We aimed to determine women, effect on routine care South Africa.
Routinely recorded primary care data have been used for many years by sentinel networks surveillance. More recently, real world a wider range of research projects to support rapid, inexpensive clinical trials. Because the partial national lockdown in United Kingdom due coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted decreasing community incidence, much larger numbers general practices are needed deliver effective COVID-19 surveillance and contribute in-pandemic
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has passed its first peak in Europe.To describe the mortality England and association with status other demographic risk factors.Cross-sectional analyses of people known Oxford RCGP Research Surveillance Centre (RSC) sentinel network.Pseudonymised, coded clinical data were uploaded from volunteer general practice members this nationally representative network (n = 4 413 734). All-cause was compared national rates for 2019, using a relative survival model, reporting...
Background Colchicine has been proposed as a COVID-19 treatment. Aim To determine whether colchicine reduces time to recovery and COVID-19-related admissions hospital and/or deaths among people in the community. Design setting Prospective, multicentre, open-label, multi-arm, randomised, controlled, adaptive platform trial (PRINCIPLE). Method Adults aged ≥65 years or ≥18 with comorbidities shortness of breath, unwell for ≤14 days suspected community, were randomised usual care, care plus (500...
The cost-effectiveness of molnupiravir, an oral antiviral for early treatment SARS-CoV-2, has not been established in vaccinated populations.
Abstract GABA B receptors (GABA Rs) are involved in early events during neuronal development. The presence of Rs developing oligodendrocytes has not been established. Using immunofluorescent co‐localization, we have identified R proteins O4 marker‐positive oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) 4‐day‐old mouse brain periventricular white matter. In culture, OPCs, differentiated (DOs) and type 2 astrocytes (ASTs) express both the B1abcdf B2 subunits R. semiquantitative PCR analysis with...
Introduction There is an urgent need to determine the safety, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of novel antiviral treatments for COVID-19 in vaccinated patients community at increased risk morbidity mortality from COVID-19. Methods analysis PANORAMIC a UK-wide, open-label, prospective, adaptive, multiarm platform, randomised clinical trial that evaluates community. A master protocol governs addition new as they become available, introduction cessation existing interventions via interim...
Background We aimed to determine antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation timing and outcomes in people living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving tuberculosis treatment KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Methods performed a retrospective cohort analysis of routinely collected de-identified data from 62 clinics including PLHIV not already ART aged ≥16 years, starting between October 2016-November 2019. Multivariable Poisson regression models robust standard errors evaluated associations (after treatment)...
Background Integrase inhibitors, including dolutegravir, may increase risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). However, limited data exists from low- and middle-income countries, where tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine dolutegravir (TLD) has largely replaced emtricitabine efavirenz (TEE). Methods We used de-identified a South African managed-healthcare organisation people living with HIV (PLHIV) without disease, who either initiated TEE or TLD between April 2020-Dec 2023...
Real-time, urine tenofovir testing may allow for clinic-based monitoring of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). We aimed assess (1) the acceptability monthly point-of-care over first five months following ART initiation and (2) perspectives on implementation among people living with HIV (PLWH) healthcare providers participating in a randomized controlled trial which used test South Africa. conducted in-depth interviews 20 PLWH six-months post-ART eight providers. assessed (using...