A5082618220- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Sex work and related issues
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa
2016-2025
University of KwaZulu-Natal
2016-2025
Columbia University
2016-2025
Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
2024
South African Medical Research Council
2001-2023
Medical Research Institute
2023
Northwick Park Hospital
2021
Cornell University
2002-2018
National Institute for Communicable Diseases
2000-2017
University of Cape Town
2002-2016
The Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) 004 trial assessed effectiveness and safety a 1% vaginal gel formulation tenofovir, nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor, prevention HIV acquisition women. A double-blind, randomized controlled was conducted comparing tenofovir (n = 445 women) with placebo 444 sexually active, HIV-uninfected 18- to 40-year-old women urban rural KwaZulu-Natal, Africa. serostatus, safety, sexual behavior, condom use were at monthly...
Abstract The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 variant concern Omicron (Pango lineage B.1.1.529), first identified in Botswana and South Africa, may compromise vaccine effectiveness lead to re-infections 1 . Here we investigated escape from neutralization by antibodies African individuals vaccinated with Pfizer BNT162b2. We used blood samples taken soon after vaccination who were previously infected or no evidence previous infection. isolated sequence-confirmed live virus an person observed that...
The rates of death are high among patients with coinfection tuberculosis and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). optimal timing for initiation antiretroviral therapy in relation to remains controversial.
A window of opportunity for immune responses to extinguish human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) exists from the moment transmission through establishment latent pool HIV-1-infected cells. critical time study initial transmitted/founder is eclipse phase HIV-1 infection (time first appearance plasma virus), but, date, this period has been logistically difficult analyze. To probe B-cell immediately following transmission, we have determined envelope-specific antibody autologous and...
The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated health-care systems, shut down schools and communities, plunged the world into an economic recession. While 2020 was a challenging year, 2021 looks to be difficult with emergence of multiple variants severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). race vaccinate will need respond pathogen's constant evolution evade immunity. What marks path end this pandemic? saw successful development testing vaccines within timeframes not considered...
We previously reported that integrating antiretroviral therapy (ART) with tuberculosis treatment reduces mortality. However, the timing for initiation of ART during remains unresolved.We conducted a three-group, open-label, randomized, controlled trial in South Africa involving 642 ambulatory patients, all (confirmed by positive sputum smear acid-fast bacilli), human immunodeficiency virus infection, and CD4+ T-cell count less than 500 per cubic millimeter. Findings earlier-ART group (ART...
In Brief Background To investigate the association between migration and HIV infection among migrant nonmigrant men their rural partners. Goal The goal was to determine risk factors for HIV-1 in South Africa. Study Design This a cross-sectional study of 196 130 partners, as well 64 98 women whose partners are nonmigrant. Male migrants were recruited at work two urban centers, 100 km 700 from homes. Rural traced invited participate. Nonmigrant couples comparison. involved administration...
An understanding of how broadly neutralizing activity develops in HIV-1-infected individuals is needed to guide vaccine design and immunization strategies. Here we used a large panel 44 HIV-1 envelope variants (subtypes A, B, C) evaluate the presence antibodies serum samples obtained 3 years after seroconversion from 40 women enrolled CAPRISA 002 acute infection cohort. Seven participants had that neutralized more than 40% viruses tested were considered have neutralization breadth. Among...
ABSTRACT Identifying the specific genetic characteristics of successfully transmitted variants may prove central to development effective vaccine and microbicide interventions. Although human immunodeficiency virus transmission is associated with a population bottleneck, extent which different factors influence diversity viruses unclear. We estimate here number in 69 heterosexual men women primary subtype C infections. From 1,505 env sequences obtained using single genome amplification...
Background. Women in Africa, especially young women, have very high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence rates that cannot be fully explained by behavioral risks. We investigated whether genital inflammation influenced HIV acquisition this group. Methods. Twelve selected cytokines, including 9 inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (interleukin [IL]-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-8, interferon-γ inducible protein-10 [IP-10], monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage...
Antiretroviral-based strategies for HIV prevention have shown inconsistent results in women. We investigated whether vaginal microbiota modulated tenofovir gel microbicide efficacy the CAPRISA (Centre AIDS Program of Research South Africa) 004 trial. Two major bacterial community types-one dominated by Lactobacillus (59.2%) and other where Gardnerella vaginalis predominated with anaerobic bacteria (40.8%)-were identified 688 women profiled. Tenofovir reduced incidence 61% (P = 0.013)...
ABSTRACT A standard panel of subtype C human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Env-pseudotyped viruses was created by cloning, sequencing, and characterizing functional gp160 genes from 18 acute early heterosexually acquired infections in South Africa Zambia. In general, the gp120 region these clones shorter (most evident V1 V4) less glycosylated compared to newly transmitted B viruses, it underglycosylated but no different length chronic viruses. The gp120s also exhibited low amino acid...
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron, first identified in Botswana and South Africa, may compromise vaccine effectiveness the ability antibodies triggered by previous infection to protect against re-infection (1). Here we investigated whether Omicron escapes antibody neutralization Africans, either previously infected or uninfected, who were vaccinated with Pfizer BNT162b2. We also if requires ACE2 receptor infect cells. isolated sequence confirmed live virus from an person Africa compared...
ABSTRACT The study of the evolution and specificities neutralizing antibodies during course human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection may be important in discovery possible targets for vaccine design. In this study, we assessed autologous heterologous neutralization responses 14 HIV-1 subtype C-infected individuals, using envelope clones obtained within first 2 months postinfection. Our data show that potent but relatively strain-specific develop 3 to 12 infection. magnitude...