A5079990486- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- interferon and immune responses
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa
2016-2025
Monash University
2023-2025
Centre for Human Genetics
2014-2024
University of Oxford
2014-2024
Massachusetts General Hospital
2019-2024
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
2019-2024
Harvard University
2017-2024
Boston University
2024
University of KwaZulu-Natal
2013-2023
Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard
2016-2023
To systematically investigate the impact of immune stimulation upon regulatory variant activity, we exposed primary monocytes from 432 healthy Europeans to interferon-γ (IFN-γ) or differing durations lipopolysaccharide and mapped expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). More than half cis-eQTLs identified, involving hundreds genes associated pathways, are detected specifically in stimulated monocytes. Induced innate activity reveals multiple master trans-eQTLs including major...
Background. Women in Africa, especially young women, have very high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence rates that cannot be fully explained by behavioral risks. We investigated whether genital inflammation influenced HIV acquisition this group. Methods. Twelve selected cytokines, including 9 inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (interleukin [IL]-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-8, interferon-γ inducible protein-10 [IP-10], monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage...
Abstract Vaccines to protect against tuberculosis (TB) are urgently needed. We performed a case–control analysis identify immune correlates of TB disease risk in Bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG) immunized infants from the MVA85A efficacy trial. Among 53 case and 205 matched controls, frequency activated HLA-DR + CD4 T cells associates with increased (OR=1.828, 95% CI=1.25–2.68, P =0.002, FDR=0.04, conditional logistic regression). In an independent study Mycobacterium -infected adolescents,...
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) contains mutations that mediate escape from antibody responses, although the extent to which these substitutions in spike and non-spike proteins affect T cell recognition is unknown. In this study, we show responses individuals with prior infection, vaccination, both infection boosted vaccination are largely preserved proteins. However, also identify a subset of (∼21%) >50% reduction reactivity spike. Evaluation functional CD4
Vaccination elicits immune responses capable of potently neutralizing SARS-CoV-2. However, ongoing surveillance has revealed the emergence variants harboring mutations in spike, main target antibodies. To understand impact these variants, we evaluated neutralization potency 99 individuals that received one or two doses either BNT162b2 mRNA-1273 vaccines against pseudoviruses representing 10 globally circulating strains Five pseudoviruses, receptor-binding domain mutations, including K417N/T,...
SUMMARY Recent surveillance has revealed the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (BA.1/B.1.1.529) harboring up to 36 mutations in spike protein, target vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies. Given its potential escape humoral immunity, we measured neutralization potency sera from 88 mRNA-1273, 111 BNT162b, and 40 Ad26.COV2.S vaccine recipients against wild type, Delta, pseudoviruses. We included individuals that were vaccinated recently (<3 months), distantly (6-12 or boosted,...
Despite the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), cutaneous immune-related adverse events (cirAEs) occur in 20% to 40% all treated patients. To our knowledge, little is known about predictive value these eruptions and their subtypes regarding cancer survival.To determine association developing cirAEs following treatment with anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or ligand (PD-L1) therapy patient survival.This retrospective cohort study used data from TriNetX Diamond Network, a...
Abstract Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents have transformed the treatment landscape of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To expand our understanding molecular features underlying response to checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC, we describe here first joint analysis Stand Up Cancer-Mark Foundation cohort, a resource whole exome and/or RNA sequencing from 393 patients with NSCLC treated anti-PD-(L)1 therapy, along matched clinical annotation. We identify number associations between and outcome,...
Certain infectious agents are recognised causes of cancer and other chronic diseases. To understand the pathological mechanisms underlying such relationships, here we design a Multiplex Serology platform to measure quantitative antibody responses against 45 antigens from 20 including human herpes, hepatitis, polyoma, papilloma, retroviruses, as well Chlamydia trachomatis, Helicobacter pylori Toxoplasma gondii, then assayed random subset 9695 UK Biobank participants. We find seroprevalence...
Abstract Neutrophils form the most abundant leukocyte subset and are central to many disease processes. Technical challenges in transcriptomic profiling have prohibited genomic approaches date. Here we map expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) peripheral blood CD16+ neutrophils from 101 healthy European adults. We identify cis -eQTL for 3281 neutrophil-expressed genes including implicated neutrophil function, with 450 of these not previously observed myeloid or lymphoid cells. Paired...
The antiretroviral agent, tenofovir, formulated as a vaginal microbicide gel, reduces human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition by 39% in women. This study assessed the role of preexisting immune activation HIV women from CAPRISA 004 trial, to identify potential strategies increase effectiveness tenofovir gel. Systemic cytokine and cellular mediators (platelets natural killer [NK] cells) were at high risk for assigned either or placebo gel trial. Notwithstanding use, who acquired had...
Inhibiting natural killer cells in AIDS The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene complex varies enormously among individuals and helps explain individual variation immunity to infectious diseases. Ramsuran et al. examined data from almost 10,000 HIV infections. Expression of the HLA-A - B alleles was associated with higher viral load, reduced CD4 + T cell counts, accelerated progression AIDS. Higher levels expression increased HLA-E , which blocks a specific receptor (NKG2A) on immune that...
Background. Eight decades ago, the ratio of monocytes to lymphocytes (hereafter, “ML ratio”) was noted affect outcomes mycobacterial infection in rabbits. Recent transcriptomic studies support a role for relative proportions myeloid and lymphoid transcripts tuberculosis outcomes. The ML peripheral blood is known be governed by hematopoietic stem cells with distinct biases. Methods. predictive value baseline modeled 2 prospective cohorts HIV-infected adults starting cART South Africa (primary...
Objective: HIV-infected patients with treated cryptococcal meningitis are at risk for further neurological deterioration after commencing combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), mostly because of cryptococcosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (C-IRIS). Identifying predictors C-IRIS could enable stratification. Design: Prospective, longitudinal cohort study 24 weeks. Setting: Durban, South Africa. Participants: One hundred and thirty first episode Intervention:...
Abstract SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing allows quantitative determination of disease prevalence, which is especially important in high-risk communities. We performed anonymized convenience sampling 200 currently asymptomatic residents Chelsea, the epicenter COVID-19 illness Massachusetts, by BioMedomics combined IgM-IgG point-of-care lateral flow immunoassay. The seroprevalence was 31.5% (17.5% IgM+IgG+, 9.0% IgM+IgG−, and 5.0% IgM−IgG+). Of participants, 50.5% reported no symptoms preceding 4...
The immunogenicity and reactogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with cancer are poorly understood.We performed a prospective cohort study adults solid-organ or hematologic cancers to evaluate anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin A/M/G spike antibodies, neutralization, ≥ 7 days following two doses mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, one dose Ad26.COV2.S. We analyzed responses by multivariate regression included data from 1,638 healthy controls, previously reported, for comparison.Between April July 2021,...