Victoria R. Polonis
A5041344472- HIV Research and Treatment
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Blood groups and transfusion
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
2015-2024
Henry M. Jackson Foundation
2000-2021
Jackson Foundation
1994-2016
University of Pennsylvania
2016
The Wistar Institute
2016
Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Science
2000-2004
Institute of Medical Sciences
2003
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
2003
United States Army
1994
United States Department of the Army
1994
Induction of broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies is a high priority for AIDS vaccine development but one that has proven difficult to be achieved. While most immunogens generate neutralize subset T-cell-line-adapted strains human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), none so far have generated potent, response against primary isolates the virus. Even small increments in immunogen improvement leading increases antibody titers and cross-neutralizing activity would accelerate...
The restricted neutralization breadth of vaccine-elicited antibodies is a major limitation current human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) candidate vaccines. In order to permit the efficient identification vaccines with enhanced capacity for eliciting cross-reactive neutralizing (NAbs) and assess overall potency NAb reactivity, we assembled panel 109 molecularly cloned HIV-1 Env pseudoviruses representing broad range genetic geographic diversity. Viral isolates from all circulating subtypes...
ABSTRACT A standard panel of subtype C human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Env-pseudotyped viruses was created by cloning, sequencing, and characterizing functional gp160 genes from 18 acute early heterosexually acquired infections in South Africa Zambia. In general, the gp120 region these clones shorter (most evident V1 V4) less glycosylated compared to newly transmitted B viruses, it underglycosylated but no different length chronic viruses. The gp120s also exhibited low amino acid...
A recombinant canarypox vector expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag, Pro, and membrane-linked gp120 (vCP1521), combined with a bivalent protein boost (AIDSVAX B/E), provided modest protection against HIV-1 infection in community-based population Thailand (RV144 trial). No was observed Thai injection drug users who received AIDSVAX B/E alone (Vax003 We compared the neutralizing antibody response these 2 trials.
The need for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) next-generation vaccines has been highlighted by the rise of variants concern (VoCs) and long-term threat emerging coronaviruses. Here, we design characterize four categories engineered nanoparticle immunogens that recapitulate structural antigenic properties prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike (S), S1, receptor-binding domain (RBD). These induce robust S binding, ACE2 inhibition, authentic pseudovirus neutralizing antibodies...
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants stresses the continued need for next-generation vaccines that confer broad protection against disease 2019. We developed and evaluated an adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 spike ferritin nanoparticle (SpFN) vaccine in nonhuman primates. High-dose (50-μg) SpFN vaccine, given twice 28 days apart, induced a T helper cell 1 (T H 1)–biased CD4 response elicited neutralizing antibodies wild type concern, as well SARS-CoV-1....
Despite multiple antiviral humoral and cellular immune responses, infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) results in a progressively debilitating disease. We hypothesized that more effective response could be generated by postinfection vaccination HIV-specific antigens.
Laboratory measures of antigen-specific immunity are an essential component the vaccine discovery process. For human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), this process will likely require iterative evaluations immunogens to choose most promising candidates advance into trials. To optimally evaluate and compare immunogens, we need high-throughput assays that allow accurate reproducible measurements immune responses. In addition, sponsors regulatory agencies appropriately associated with...
Background Neutralizing antibodies provide markers for vaccine-induced protective immunity in many viral infections. By analogy, HIV-1 neutralizing induced by immunization may well predict vaccine effectiveness. Assessment of is therefore primary importance, but hampered the fact that we do not know which assay(s) can measures immunity. An international collaboration (NeutNet) involving 18 different laboratories previously compared assays using monoclonal (mAbs) and soluble CD4 (Phase I...
Emergence of novel variants the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) underscores need for next-generation vaccines able to elicit broad and durable immunity. Here we report evaluation a ferritin nanoparticle vaccine displaying receptor-binding domain SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (RFN) adjuvanted with Army Liposomal Formulation QS-21 (ALFQ). RFN vaccination macaques using two-dose regimen resulted in robust, predominantly Th1 CD4+ T cell responses reciprocal peak mean...
Abstract The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants concern (VOC) requires adequate coverage vaccine protection. We evaluated whether a spike ferritin nanoparticle (SpFN), adjuvanted with the Army Liposomal Formulation QS21 (ALFQ), conferred protection against Alpha (B.1.1.7), and Beta (B.1.351) VOCs in Syrian golden hamsters. SpFN-ALFQ was administered as either single or double-vaccination (0 4 week) regimens, using high (10 μg) low (0.2 dose. Animals were intranasally challenged at week 11....
Despite rapid and ongoing vaccine therapeutic development, SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve evade, presenting a need for next-generation diverse modalities. Here we show that nurse sharks immunized with recombinant receptor binding domain (RBD), RBD-ferritin (RFN), or spike protein ferritin nanoparticle (SpFN) immunogens elicit set of new antigen antibody (IgNAR) molecules target two non-overlapping conserved epitopes on the RBD. Representative shark variable NAR-Fc chimeras (ShAbs) targeting...
Abstract The repeat emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants concern (VoC) with decreased susceptibility to vaccine-elicited antibodies highlights the need develop next-generation vaccine candidates that confer broad protection. Here we describe antibody response induced by Spike Ferritin Nanoparticle (SpFN) candidate adjuvanted Army Liposomal Formulation including QS21 (ALFQ) in non-human primates. By isolating and characterizing several monoclonal directed against Receptor Binding Domain (RBD),...
ABSTRACT The epitopes of the V3 domain human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 glycoprotein have complex structures consisting linear and conformational antigenic determinants. Anti-V3 antibodies (Abs) recognize both types elements, but Abs which preferentially react to aspect may more potent neutralizing activity against HIV-1, as recently suggested. To test this hypothesis, anti-V3 monoclonal (MAbs) were selected using a fusion protein (V3-FP) retains conformation third variable...
ALVAC-HIV (vCP1521) and AIDSVAX B/E were evaluated in a phase 1/2 trial of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative Thai adults. Of 133 volunteers enrolled, 122 completed the trial. There no serious vaccine-related adverse events, nor there intercurrent HIV infections. Lymphoproliferative responses to glycoprotein 120 E induced 63% volunteers, HIV-specific CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte 24%. Antibody increased frequency magnitude association with dose level B/E. Binding neutralizing...
A critical priority for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine development is standardization of reagents and assays evaluation immune responses elicited by candidate vaccines. To provide a panel viral from multiple trial sites, 60 international HIV-1 isolates were expanded in peripheral blood mononuclear cells characterized both genetically biologically. Ten each clades A, B, C, D 10 CRF01_AE CRF02_AG prepared individuals whose infection was evaluated complete genome...
Background Neutralizing antibody assessments play a central role in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) vaccine development but it is unclear which assay, or combination of assays, will provide reliable measures correlates protection. To address this, an international collaboration (NeutNet) involving 18 independent participants was organized to compare different assays. Methods Each laboratory evaluated four neutralizing reagents (TriMab, 447-52D, 4E10, sCD4) at given range...
Prevention of viral escape and increased coverage against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants concern require therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting multiple sites vulnerability on the spike glycoprotein. Here we identify several potent neutralizing directed either N-terminal domain (NTD) or receptor-binding (RBD) protein. Administered in combinations, these mAbs provided low-dose protection SARS-CoV-2 infection K18-human angiotensin-converting...
ABSTRACT Accurate determination of plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA levels is critical for the effective management HIV-1 disease. The AMPLICOR MONITOR Test, a reverse transcription-PCR-based test quantification in plasma, was developed when little sequence information on isolates from outside North America available. It has since become apparent that many non-subtype B isolates, particularly subtypes A and E, are detected inefficiently by test. We describe here version...