A5032802994- HIV Research and Treatment
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Environmental Science and Technology
- Environmental Science and Water Management
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Blood groups and transfusion
- Malaria Research and Control
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
2016-2025
Henry M. Jackson Foundation
2016-2025
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
2024
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
2021-2023
National Institutes of Health
2021-2023
Federal Reserve
2023
University of California, Los Angeles
2022
Jackson Foundation
2004-2020
Donald & Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell
2019
Technical University of Darmstadt
2016-2017
Dengue virus is a single-stranded, enveloped RNA that productively infects human dendritic cells (DCs) primarily at the immature stage of their differentiation. We now find all four serotypes dengue use DC-SIGN (CD209), C-type lectin, to infect cells. THP-1 become susceptible infection after transfection DC-specific ICAM-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), or its homologue L-SIGN, whereas blocked by anti–DC-SIGN antibodies and not other molecules on these Viruses produced are infectious for...
Acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is a major contributor to transmission of HIV-1. An understanding acute HIV-1 may be important in the development treatment strategies eradicate or achieve functional cure.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtypes differ in biological characteristics that may affect pathogenicity.We determined the HIV-1 subtype-specific rates of disease progression among 350 seroconverters. Subtype, viral load, and CD4(+) cell count were determined. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) acquired syndrome (AIDS) (defined as a < or =250 cells/mm(3)) AIDS-associated death.A total 59.1% study subjects had subtype...
Longitudinal analyses reported here explored the relationship between a perceived sense of being at risk for AIDS and variety behavioral, social, psychological consequences. Data were obtained from cohort 637 homosexual men living in Chicago, who are participating psychosocial study have completed two waves data collection. Their perceptions quantified using both an absolute comparative measure; these combined into index, scored one to nine ( x̄ = 3.91; SD 1.64). Univariate demonstrated that...
Abstract The magnitude and predictors of longitudinal behavioral change are reported in a cohort homosexual men at risk for AIDS. Self-reports sexual behavior were obtained two points time separated by an interval approximately six months. These self-reports used to construct both dichotomous continuous measures changes consistent with reduction the transmission AIDS virus (HIV). Although there was considerable variability behavior. mean consistently desired direction. Avoidance anonymous...
Humoral immunity is critical for viral control, but the identity and mechanisms regulating human antiviral B cells are unclear. Here, we characterized expressing T-bet analyzed their dynamics during infections. T-bet+ demonstrated an activated phenotype, a distinct transcriptional profile, were enriched expression of immunoglobulin isotypes IgG1 IgG3. expanded following yellow fever virus vaccinia vaccinations also early acute HIV infection. Viremic HIV-infected individuals maintained large...
Significance Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unconventional innate-like recognizing microbial riboflavin metabolites presented by the monomorphic MR1 molecule. Here, we show that CD8 + CD4 − and subpopulations of human MAIT represent transcriptionally phenotypically discrete subsets with distinct functional profiles. Furthermore, cell receptor repertoire analysis, as well data based on fetal tissues, umbilical cord blood, culture systems indicate subset may derive from main...
Data on the effect of HIV-1 viral subtype CD4 T-cell decline are limited.We assessed rate per year among 312 HIV seroincident persons infected with different subtypes. Rates by were determined linear mixed effects models, using an unstructured convariance structure.A total 59.6% had D, 15.7% A, 18.9% recombinant viruses (R), and 5.8% multiple subtypes (M). For all combined, overall was -34.5 [95% confidence interval (CI), -47.1, -22.0] cells/ microL yr, adjusted for age, sex, baseline...
Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine development remains a global priority. We describe the safety and immunogenicity of multiclade DNA prime with replication-defective recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) boost. Methods. The is 6-plasmid mixture encoding HIV envelope (env) subtypes A, B, C subtype B gag, pol, nef, an rAd5 expressing identical genes, exception nef. Three hundred twentyfour participants were randomized to receive placebo (n = 138), single dose at 1010...
ABSTRACT CD4 + T cells play a pivotal role in the control of chronic viral infections. Recently, nontraditional cell functions beyond helper effects have been described, and for cytolytic HIV infection has suggested. We define here transcriptional, phenotypic, functional profiles HIV-specific cells. Fluidigm BioMark multiparameter flow cytometric analysis revealed distinct transcriptional signature compared to Th1 but shared similar features with CD8 Furthermore, showed comparable killing...
Evolutionary theory hypothesizes that intermediate virulence maximizes pathogen fitness as a result of trade-off between and transmission, but empirical evidence remains scarce. We bridge this gap using data from large long-standing HIV-1 prospective cohort, in Uganda. use an epidemiological-evolutionary model parameterised with to derive evolutionary predictions based on analysis detailed individual-based simulations. robustly predict stabilising selection towards low level virulence, rapid...
Background Clinical trials are increasingly being conducted internationally. In order to ensure enrollment of healthy participants and proper safety evaluation vaccine candidates, established reference intervals for clinical tests required in the target population. Methodology/Principal Findings We report a range study Ugandan adult blood bank donors establishing hematology chemistry parameters. Several differences were observed when compared previously values from United States, most...
Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is characterized by high fungal burden and limited leukocyte trafficking to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The immunopathogenesis of CM immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after initiation antiretroviral therapy at the site infection poorly understood.
The RV144 ALVAC-HIV prime, AIDSVAX B/E boost afforded 60% efficacy against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition at 1 year, waning to 31.2% after 3.5 years. We hypothesized that additional vaccinations might augment immune correlates of protection.In a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study 162 HIV-negative vaccine recipients, we evaluated 2 boosts, given 6-8 years since vaccination, for safety and immunogenicity, weeks 0 24. Study groups 1-3 received ALVAC-HIV+AIDSVAX...
In order to inform the rational design of HIV-1 preventive and cure interventions it is critical understand events occurring during acute infection (AHI). Using viral deep sequencing on six participants from early capture RV217 cohort, we have studied evolution in plasma collected twice weekly first weeks following advent viremia. The analysis infections established by multiple transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses revealed novel profiles that included: a) low-level persistence minor T/F...
Abstract Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell loss in chronic HIV-1 infection is a significant insult to antimicrobial immune defenses. Here we investigate the response of MAIT cells during acute utilizing RV217 cohort with paired longitudinal pre- and post-infection samples. are activated expand blood mucosa coincident peak viremia, manner associated emerging microbial translocation. This followed by phase elevated function as viral replication controlled set-point level, later their...
To augment HIV-1 pox-protein vaccine immunogenicity using a next generation adjuvant, prime-boost strategy of recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara and multimeric Env gp145 was evaluated in macaques with either aluminum (alum) or novel liposomal monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) formulation adsorbed to alum, ALFA. Binding antibody responses were robust comparable between arms, while antibody-dependent neutrophil monocyte phagocytotic greatly enhanced by Per-exposure efficacy against...