Xiaoying Shen
A5052768263- HIV Research and Treatment
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
- Blood groups and transfusion
- RNA modifications and cancer
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
Beijing Forestry University
2023-2025
Duke University
2016-2025
Duke Medical Center
2015-2024
International Vaccine Institute
2009-2024
Duke University Hospital
2005-2024
Chinese PLA General Hospital
2024
Center for Human Genetics
2022-2023
Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
2021
National Cancer Institute
2013-2020
Fudan University
2017-2020
In the RV144 trial, estimated efficacy of a vaccine regimen against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was 31.2%. We performed case–control analysis to identify antibody and cellular immune correlates infection risk.
Analysis of correlates risk infection in the RV144 HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial demonstrated that plasma IgG against envelope (Env) variable region 1 and 2 inversely correlated with risk, whereas Env-specific IgA responses directly risk. In secondary analysis, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was another inverse correlate but only presence low antibodies. Thus, we investigated hypothesis could attenuate protective effect through competition for same Env binding sites. We...
A macroscopic evaporating water droplet with suspended particles on a solid surface will form ring-like structure at the pinned contact line due to induced capillary flow. As size shrinks, competition between time scales of liquid evaporation and particle movement may influence resulting ring formation. When evaporates much faster than movement, coffee formation cease. Here, we experimentally show that there exists lower limit size, Dc, for successful structure. concentration is above...
Neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies to linear epitopes on HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins have potential mediate antiviral effector functions that could be beneficial vaccine-induced protection. Here, plasma IgG responses were assessed in three gp120 vaccine efficacy trials (RV144, Vax003, Vax004) HIV-1-infected individuals by using arrays of overlapping peptides spanning the entire consensus gp160 all major genetic subtypes circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) virus. In RV144, where...
Most simian-human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIVs) bearing envelope (Env) glycoproteins from primary HIV-1 strains fail to infect rhesus macaques (RMs). We hypothesized that inefficient Env binding CD4 (rhCD4) limits virus entry and replication could be enhanced by substituting naturally occurring simian residues at position 375, which resides a critical location in the CD4-binding pocket is under strong positive evolutionary pressure across broad spectrum of primate lentiviruses. SHIVs...
Microbiota can mislead antibodies Unlike the response to many viral infections, most people do not produce capable of clearing HIV-1. Non-neutralizing that target HIV-1's envelope glycoprotein (Env) typically dominate response, which is generated by B cells cross-react with Env and intestinal microbiota. Williams et al. analyzed samples from individuals who had received a vaccine containing protein, including gp41 subunit. Most were non-neutralizing targeted gp41. The also reacted...
Correlates of protection for COVID-19 vaccines are urgently needed to license additional vaccines. We measured immune responses four proven efficacy using a single serological platform. IgG anti-Spike antibodies were highly correlated with ID50 neutralization in validated pseudoviral assay and significantly efficacies against infection wild-type, alpha delta variant SARS-CoV-2 virus. The protective threshold each vaccine was calculated antibody. mean all studies WT virus 154 BAU/ml (95 %CI...
The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is raising concerns because its increased transmissibility and potential for reduced susceptibility to antibody neutralization. To assess the risk this existing vaccines, serum samples from mRNA-1273 vaccine recipients were tested neutralizing activity against compared neutralization titers D614G Beta in live virus pseudovirus assays. was 41-84-fold less sensitive than 5.3-7.4-fold when assayed with obtained 4 weeks after 2 standard inoculations 100 μg...
During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, multiple variants escaping preexisting immunity emerged, causing reinfections of previously exposed individuals. Here, we used antigenic cartography to analyze patterns cross-reactivity among 21 and 15 groups human sera obtained after primary infection with 10 different or messenger RNA (mRNA)–1273 mRNA-1273.351 vaccination. We found differences pre-Omicron caused by substitutions at spike-protein positions...
This ongoing, open-label, phase 2/3 trial compared the safety and immunogenicity of Omicron BA.4/BA.5-containing bivalent mRNA-1273.222 vaccine with ancestral Wuhan-Hu-1 mRNA-1273 as booster doses. Two groups adults who previously received primary vaccination series doses were enrolled in a sequential, nonrandomized manner single-second boosters (n = 376) or 511). Primary objectives noninferiority superiority neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses against BA.4/BA.5 SARS-CoV-2 D614G mutation...
Abstract Radiative heating or cooling textiles offer a sustainable means for personal thermal management (PTM). However, that can realize efficient PTM under both large indoor and outdoor temperature variations are still lacking. Herein, guided by heat transfer model, an eco‐ user‐friendly bilayer textile (i‐textile) integrating radiative is developed. The i‐textile composed of MXene layer cellulose acetate (CA) with asymmetrical spectral characteristics. This provides when the faces outward...
The Thai Phase III clinical trial (RV144) showed modest efficacy in preventing HIV-1 acquisition. Plasma collected from HIV-1-uninfected participants completing all injections with ALVAC-HIV (vCP1521) prime and AIDSVAX B/E boost were tested for antibody responses against gp120 envelope (Env). Peptide microarray analysis six subtypes group M consensus that vaccination induced to the second variable (V2) loop of multiple subtypes. We further evaluated V2 by ELISA surface plasmon resonance...
The RV144 clinical trial of a prime/boost immunizing regimen using recombinant canary pox (ALVAC-HIV) and two gp120 proteins (AIDSVAX B E) was previously shown to have 31.2% efficacy rate. Plasma specimens from vaccine placebo recipients were used in an extensive set assays identify correlates HIV-1 infection risk. Of six primary variables that studied, only one displayed significant inverse correlation with risk infection: the antibody (Ab) response fusion protein containing V1 V2 regions...
A small proportion of HIV-infected individuals generate a neutralizing antibody (NAb) response exceptional magnitude and breadth. detailed analysis the critical epitopes targeted by broadly antibodies should help to define optimal targets for vaccine design. HIV-1-infected subjects with potent cross-reactive serum were identified assaying sera from 308 against multiclade panel 12 "tier 2" viruses (4 each subtypes A, B, C). Various epitope specificities determined top 9 neutralizers,...
Self-amplifying messenger RNA (mRNA) of positive-strand viruses are effective vectors for in situ expression vaccine antigens and have potential as a new technology platform well suited global health applications.The SAM is based on synthetic, self-amplifying mRNA delivered by nonviral delivery system.The safety immunogenicity an HIV encoding clade C envelope glycoprotein formulated with cationic nanoemulsion (CNE) system was evaluated rhesus macaques.The induced potent cellular immune...
HIV-1 mucosal transmission begins with virus or virus-infected cells moving through mucus across epithelium to infect CD4+ T cells. Although broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are the type of that most likely protective, they not induced current vaccine candidates. In contrast, do neutralize primary strains in TZM-bl infection assay readily by candidates and have also been implicated as secondary correlates decreased risk RV144 efficacy trial. Here, we studied capacity anti-Env...
Abstract The RV144 Thai trial HIV-1 vaccine of recombinant poxvirus (ALVAC) and gp120 subtype B/subtype E (B/E) proteins demonstrated 31% efficacy. Here we design an ALVAC/Pentavalent B/E/E/E/E to increase the diversity motifs in immunogen elicit a broader antibody response enhance protection. We find that immunization rhesus macaques with pentavalent results protection 55% pentavalent-vaccine-immunized from simian–human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenge. Systems serology responses...