A5001978364- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- Urinary Tract Infections Management
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Poxvirus research and outbreaks
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Advanced Thermodynamic Systems and Engines
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Escherichia coli research studies
Baylor College of Medicine
2016-2025
Computer Emergency Response Team
2022
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health
2022
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
2022
Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas
2022
Office of Infectious Diseases
2002-2020
Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani
2020
University of Nottingham
2020
Chelsea and Westminster Hospital
2020
University College London
2020
BackgroundAlthough several therapeutic agents have been evaluated for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), no antiviral yet shown to be efficacious.MethodsWe conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial intravenous remdesivir in adults who were hospitalized with Covid-19 and had evidence lower respiratory tract infection. Patients randomly assigned receive either (200 mg loading dose on day 1, followed by 100 daily up 9 additional days) or placebo 10 days....
The major barrier to research and development of effective interventions for human noroviruses (HuNoVs) has been the lack a robust reproducible in vitro cultivation system. HuNoVs are leading cause gastroenteritis worldwide. We report successful multiple HuNoV strains enterocytes stem cell–derived, nontransformed intestinal enteroid monolayer cultures. Bile, critical factor milieu, is required strain-dependent replication. Lack appropriate histoblood group antigen expression cells restricts...
Noroviruses are the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in United States. To determine magnitude and duration virus shedding feces, we evaluated persons who had been experimentally infected with Norwalk virus. Of 16 persons, clinical (watery diarrhea and/or vomiting) developed 11; symptomatic illness lasted 1-2 days. Virus was first detected by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) 18 hours after participant inoculation a median 28 days (range 13-56 days). The peak amount 95 x 10(9)...
Noroviruses (NoVs) are a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide and recognized as the foremost foodborne illness. Despite numerous efforts, routine cell cultures have failed to yield replicating NoV. This paper describes methods used try grow NoV in vitro two laboratories. Cells (A549, AGS, Caco-2, CCD-18, CRFK, CR-PEC, Detroit 551, 562, FRhK-4, HCT-8, HeLa, HEC, HEp-2, Ht-29, HuTu-80, I-407, IEC-6, IEC-18, Kato-3, L20B, MA104, MDBK, MDCK, RD, TMK, Vero 293) were cultured on solid or...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) emerged in China 2002 and spread to other countries before brought under control. Because of a concern for reemergence or deliberate release the SARS coronavirus, vaccine development was initiated. Evaluations an inactivated whole virus ferrets nonhuman primates virus-like-particle mice induced protection against infection but challenged animals exhibited immunopathologic-type lung disease.
Medical Writings: Book Notes18 January 2000Tropical Infectious Diseases: Principles, Pathogens, and PracticeA. Clinton White Jr., MD, Robert L. Atmar, Stephen B. Greenberg, MDA. MDBaylor College of Medicine Ben Taub General Hospital, Houston, Texas. (White, Greenberg)Search for more papers by this author, authorAuthor, Article, Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-2-200001180-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack...
Although the three vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) that have received emergency use authorization in United States are highly effective, breakthrough infections occurring. Data needed on serial of homologous boosters (same as primary vaccine) and heterologous (different from fully vaccinated recipients.In this phase 1-2, open-label clinical trial conducted at 10 sites States, adults who had completed a Covid-19 vaccine regimen least 12 weeks earlier no reported history...
Safe and effective antiviral agents are needed to prevent infection with influenza A B viruses. Oseltamivir (GS4104), which can be administered orally, is the prodrug of GS4071, a potent selective inhibitor influenzavirus neuraminidases. We studied use oseltamivir for long-term prophylaxis against in two placebo-controlled, double-blind trials at different U.S. sites during winter 1997–1998.
Noroviruses cause epidemic and sporadic acute gastroenteritis. No vaccine is available to prevent norovirus illness or infection.
Some people are resistant to Norwalk virus (NV) infection; however, the factor(s) responsible for resistance or susceptibility NV infection has not been identified. This study investigated relationship between a person's ABO histo-blood group type and risk of symptomatic disease after clinical challenge. phenotypes were identified by using serum samples from volunteers who participated in an challenge (n 5 51). Individuals with O phenotype more likely be infected (odds ratio [OR], 11.8; 95%...
Following a flooding event close to shellfish production lagoon, 205 cases of gastroenteritis were linked oyster consumption. Twelve stool samples from different individuals collected. Analysis showed that eight positive for multiple enteric viruses, and one sample had seven viruses. implicated in the outbreak allowed detection same diversity with some viral genomic sequences being identical those obtained analysis. Shellfish contaminated by as many five For first time Europe, Aichi virus...
with recommendations of AAFP, ACOG, and the American College Physicians (ACP).ACIP approved by CDC Director become agency guidelines on date published in Morbidity Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR).Additional information is available at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip.
Background. Noroviruses are the most common cause of gastroenteritis in United States. An understanding infectious dose these viruses is important for risk assessment studies. Methods. Healthy adults were enrolled a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation different dosages Norwalk virus. Eligible subjects monitored clinical gastroenteritis, and infection status was determined. The presence virus vomitus also assessed. Results. Fifty-seven persons enrolled; 8 received placebo...
Norovirus infection is the leading cause of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis. Histoblood group antigens (HBGAs) are host susceptibility determinants for Norwalk virus (NV) infection. We hypothesized that antibodies block NV-HBGA binding associated with protection from clinical illness following NV exposure.We developed an HBGA blocking assay to examine ability human serum interaction viruslike particles H type 1 and 3 glycans. Serum samples persons who were experimentally challenged...
Background. Serum antibody to the hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza viruses is a correlate and predictor immunity in humans; relative values other correlates are uncertain.
Background. Vaccines against norovirus, the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis, should protect medically significant illness and reduce transmission. Methods. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 18- to 50-year-olds received 2 injections placebo or norovirus GI.1/GII.4 bivalent vaccine-like particle (VLP) vaccine with 3-O-desacyl-4′-monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) alum. Participants were challenged as inpatients GII.4 virus (4400 reverse transcription polymerase chain...
Directed differentiation of stem cell lines into intestine-like tissue called induced human intestinal organoids (iHIOs) is now possible (J. R. Spence, C. N. Mayhew, S. A. Rankin, M. F. Kuhar, J. E. Vallance, K. Tolle, Hoskins, V. Kalinichenko, I. Wells, Zorn, Shroyer, and Nature 470:105-109, 2011). We tested iHIOs as a new model to cultivate study fecal viruses. Protocols for infection with laboratory strain rotavirus, simian SA11, were developed. Proof-of-principle analyses showed that...
Abstract Human noroviruses are a leading cause of epidemic and endemic acute gastroenteritis worldwide foodborne illness in the United States. Recently, human intestinal enteroids (HIEs) derived from small tissue have been shown to support norovirus replication. We implemented HIE system our laboratory tested effect chlorine alcohols on infectivity. Successful replication was observed for 6 GII genotypes dependent viral load genotype inoculum. GII.4 viruses had higher levels than other...
¶ A list of severe manifestations monkeypox can be found at https://emergency
The Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibits reduced susceptibility to vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies, requiring a boost generate protective immunity. We assess the magnitude and short-term durability antibodies after homologous heterologous boosting with mRNA Ad26.COV2.S vaccines. All prime-boost combinations substantially increase neutralization titers Omicron, although boosted decline rapidly within months from peak response...
The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is raising concerns because its increased transmissibility and potential for reduced susceptibility to antibody neutralization. To assess the risk this existing vaccines, serum samples from mRNA-1273 vaccine recipients were tested neutralizing activity against compared neutralization titers D614G Beta in live virus pseudovirus assays. was 41-84-fold less sensitive than 5.3-7.4-fold when assayed with obtained 4 weeks after 2 standard inoculations 100 μg...