A5036459304- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Poxvirus research and outbreaks
- Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Virus-based gene therapy research
National Institute of Infectious Diseases
2016-2025
The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
2012-2021
The University of Tokyo
2021
Nagasaki University
2015
National Institutes of Health
2012-2014
Broad-spectrum antiviral drugs against highly pathogenic coronaviruses and other emerging viruses are desirable to enable a rapid response pandemic threats. Transmembrane protease serine type 2 (TMPRSS2), belonging the II transmembrane family, cleaves coronavirus spike protein, making it potential therapeutic target for infections. Here, we examined role of TMPRSS2 using animal models SARS-CoV MERS-CoV infection. The results suggest that lack in airways reduces severity lung pathology after...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) emerged in China 2002 and spread to other countries before brought under control. Because of a concern for reemergence or deliberate release the SARS coronavirus, vaccine development was initiated. Evaluations an inactivated whole virus ferrets nonhuman primates virus-like-particle mice induced protection against infection but challenged animals exhibited immunopathologic-type lung disease.
Abstract The spike (S) protein of coronavirus, which binds to cellular receptors and mediates membrane fusion for cell entry, is a candidate vaccine target blocking coronavirus infection. However, some animal studies have suggested that inadequate immunization against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS‐CoV) induces lung eosinophilic immunopathology upon present study evaluated two kinds adjuvants use with recombinant S protein: gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), are expected function as both...
Abstract In cultured cells, SARS-CoV-2 infects cells via multiple pathways using different host proteases. Recent studies have shown that the furin and TMPRSS2 (furin/TMPRSS2)-dependent pathway plays a minor role in infection of Omicron variant. Here, we confirm uses furin/TMPRSS2-dependent inefficiently enters mainly cathepsin-dependent endocytosis TMPRSS2-expressing VeroE6/TMPRSS2 Calu-3 cells. This is case despite efficient cleavage spike protein Omicron. However, airways TMPRSS2-knockout...
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is the causative agent of SFTS, an emerging hemorrhagic fever. This disease has a high case fatality rate and endemic to China, South Korea, Japan. Because there are currently no effective therapeutics for potent safe antivirals needed treatment SFTS. The inhibitory effect T-705 (favipiravir) on replication SFTSV in Vero cells was evaluated. Mice lacking type I interferon receptor (IFNAR(-/-)) were used as vivo lethal model infection....
Canine distemper virus (CDV) has recently expanded its host range to nonhuman primates. A large CDV outbreak occurred in rhesus monkeys at a breeding farm Guangxi Province, China, 2006, followed by another an animal center Beijing 2008. In 2008 Japan, also cynomolgus imported from China. that outbreak, 46 died severe pneumonia during quarantine period. strain (CYN07-dV) was isolated Vero cells expressing dog signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM). Phylogenic analysis showed CYN07-dV...
ABSTRACT Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is an emerging pathogen that causes severe illness. Whole UV-inactivated SARS-CoV (UV-V), bearing multiple epitopes and proteins, a candidate vaccine against this virus. However, whole inactivated SARS includes nucleocapsid protein reported to induce eosinophilic infiltration in mouse lungs after challenge with live SARS-CoV. In study, ability of Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists reduce the side effects UV-V...
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) emerged in China 2002 and spread to other countries before brought under control.Because of a concern for reemergence or deliberate release the SARS coronavirus, vaccine development was initiated.Evaluations an inactivated whole virus ferrets nonhuman primates viruslike-particle mice induced protection against infection but challenged animals exhibited immunopathologictype lung disease.Design: Four candidate vaccines humans with without...
Abstract Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging hemorrhagic caused by the SFTS phlebovirus (SFTSV). patients were first reported in China, followed Japan and South Korea. In 2017, cats diagnosed for time, suggesting that these animals are susceptible to SFTSV. To confirm whether or not indeed SFTSV, animal subjects experimentally infected Four of six SPL010 strain SFTSV died, all showing similar more severe symptoms than human patients, such as a fever,...
One safety concern during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine development has been the vaccine-associated enhanced disease, which is characterized by eosinophilic immunopathology and T helper cell type (T
Effective vaccines are essential for the control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Currently developed inducing severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S)-antigen-specific neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) effective, but appearance NAb-resistant S variant viruses is great concern. A vaccine S-independent or NAb-independent SARS-CoV-2 may contribute to containment these variants. Here, we investigate efficacy an intranasal expressing viral non-S antigens against...
BackgroundVaccination against mpox (formerly known as monkeypox), an infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), is needed to prevent outbreaks and consequent public health concerns. The LC16m8 vaccine, a dried cell-cultured proliferative live attenuated vaccinia virus–based was approved in Japan smallpox mpox. However, its immunogenicity efficacy MPXV have not been fully assessed. We assessed safety of healthy adults.MethodsWe conducted single-arm study that included 50...
Enterovirus 71 (EV71), a major causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease, occasionally causes severe neurological symptoms. We identified P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) as an EV71 receptor found that amino acid residue 145 in the capsid protein VP1 (VP1-145) defined PSGL-1-binding (PB) PSGL-1-nonbinding (non-PB) phenotypes EV71. However, role PSGL-1-dependent replication neuropathogenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated viral replication, genetic...
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease sometimes causes severe or fatal neurological complications. The amino acid at VP1-145 determines the virological characteristics EV71. Viruses with glutamic (E) (VP1-145E) are virulent in neonatal mice transgenic expressing human scavenger receptor B2, whereas those glutamine (Q) glycine (G) not. However, contribution this variation to pathogenesis humans not fully understood. We compared virulence VP1-145E VP1-145G...
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) caused by a species Dabie bandavirus (formerly SFTS virus [SFTSV]) is an emerging hemorrhagic infectious disease high case-fatality rate. One of the best strategies for preventing to develop vaccine, which expected induce both humoral and cellular immunity. We applied highly attenuated but still immunogenic vaccinia strain LC16m8 (m8) as recombinant vaccine SFTS. Recombinant m8s expressing SFTSV nucleoprotein (m8-N), envelope glycoprotein...
Medical treatments using potent neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies have achieved remarkable improvements in clinical symptoms, changing the situation for severity of COVID-19 patients. We previously reported an antibody, NT-108 with activity. However, structural and functional basis activity has not yet been understood. Here, we demonstrated therapeutic effects a hamster model its protective at low doses. Furthermore, determined cryo-EM structure complex spike. The single-chain Fv...
Neurotropic flavivirus infection of humans results in viremia subsequently; some cases, it causes meningitis encephalomyelitis, although the pathways from to central nervous system (CNS) invasion are uncertain. Here, we intravenously infected BALB/c mice with 3 neurotropic flaviviruses, then examined clinical manifestations and histopathologic changes. The Sofjin strain tick-borne encephalitis virus-infected exhibited dose-dependent survival. animals showed distention small intestine caused...
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection can manifest as a mild illness, acute distress, organ failure, or death. Several animal models have been established to study disease pathogenesis and develop vaccines therapeutic agents. Here, we developed transgenic (Tg) mice on C57BL/6 background; these expressed human CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (hDPP4), functional receptor for MERS-CoV, under the control of an endogenous hDPP4 promoter. We then characterized this mouse...
SUMMARY Background The immune profile against SARS-CoV-2 has dramatically diversified due to a complex combination of exposure vaccines and infection by various lineages/variants, likely generating heterogeneity in protective immunity given population. To further complicate this, the Omicron variant, with numerous spike mutations, emerged. These circumstances have created need assess potential evasion individuals histories. Methods neutralization susceptibility variants including their...
ABSTRACT Nonhuman primate AIDS models are essential for the analysis of pathogenesis and evaluation vaccine efficacy. Multiple studies on human immunodeficiency virus simian (SIV) infection have indicated association major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) genotypes with rapid or slow progression. The accumulation macaque groups that share not only a single MHC-I allele but also an haplotype consisting multiple polymorphic loci would greatly contribute to progress research. Here, we...
The vaccine S-268019-b is a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S)-protein consisting of full-length recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S-protein (S-910823) as antigen, mixed with the squalene-based adjuvant A-910823. current study evaluated immunogenicity using various doses S-910823 and its efficacy against challenge in cynomolgus monkeys. different combined A-910823 were intramuscularly administered twice at 3-week interval. Two weeks after second dosing,...