A5023133097- HIV Research and Treatment
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
University of Cambridge
2016-2025
UK Health Security Agency
2022-2023
Breast Cancer Care
2022
Michael Okpara University of Agriculture
2022
Bridge University
2017
Biomedical Primate Research Centre
2006-2016
The Princess Grace Hospital
2016
Fera Science (United Kingdom)
2016
Cambridge Science Centre
2009
GTx (United States)
2007
Background The isolation of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that neutralize a broad spectrum primary HIV-1 isolates and the characterization neutralizing antibody B cell response to infection are important goals central design an effective antibody-based vaccine. Methods Findings We immortalized IgG+ memory cells from individuals infected with diverse clades selected on basis plasma neutralization profiles were cross-clade relatively potent. Culture supernatants screened using various...
The EuroVacc 02 phase I trial has evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a prime-boost regimen comprising recombinant DNA poxvirus vector NYVAC, both expressing common immunogen consisting Env, Gag, Pol, Nef polypeptide domain from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 clade C isolate, CN54. 40 volunteers were randomized to receive or nothing on day 0 at week 4, followed by NYVAC weeks 20 24. primary endpoints measured 26 28 quantification T cell responses using interferon γ enzyme-linked...
Small RNA viruses have evolved many mechanisms to increase the capacity of their short genomes. Here we describe identification and characterization a novel open reading frame (ORF4) encoded by murine norovirus (MNV) subgenomic RNA, in an alternative overlapping VP1 coding region. ORF4 is translated during virus infection resultant protein localizes predominantly mitochondria. Using reverse genetics demonstrated that expression not required for replication tissue culture but its loss results...
Early and persistent activation of complement is considered to play a key role in the pathogenesis COVID-19. Complement products orchestrate proinflammatory environment that might be critical for induction maintenance severe inflammatory response SARS-CoV-2 by recruiting cells cellular immune system sites infection shifting their state towards an phenotype. It precedes pathophysiological milestone events like cytokine storm, progressive endothelial injury triggering microangiopathy, further...
Super-resolution optical imaging reveals the accumulation of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein at viral replication organelles.
One of the difficulties in understanding complex pathology human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is to explain progressive depletion CD4 helper T cell population and consequently destruction immune system. Although cytopathic effects HIV are observed vitro, they cannot vivo account for because relatively few cells productively infected. Thus immunological mechanisms must be envisaged. We have found that peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals...
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The antiretroviral restriction factor TRIM5 has recently emerged as an important mediator of innate immunity and species-specific inhibition retroviral replication in mammals. Selection pressure from pathogenic infection driven rapid evolution genes, leading to the antiviral specificities we see today. Remarkably, New World owl monkey ( Aotus trivirgatus ) encodes a protein which determinants B30.2 domain have been replaced by cyclophilin A (CypA) encoded retrotransposed cDNA. TRIMCyp...
Previously, we have produced a phylogeny of species type strains from the plant-pathogenic genus Xanthomonas based on gyrB sequences. To evaluate this locus further for and infraspecies identification, sequenced an additional 203 comprising all pathovar reference (which defined plant hosts), 67 poorly characterized pathovars, currently classified as campestris, 59 unidentified xanthomonads. The well-characterized pathovars grouped either in clades containing their respective strain or...
The genus Xanthomonas currently comprises 27 species with validly published names that are important crop and horticultural pathogens. We have constructed a phylogram from alignment of gyrase B (gyrB) sequences for all xanthomonad species, both to indicate inter-species relatedness as an aid rapid accurate species-level identification. phylogeny indicated monophyletic group, X. albilineans sacchari the most ancestral species. Three hyacinthi, translucens theicola, formed early-branching...
Self-amplifying messenger RNA (mRNA) of positive-strand viruses are effective vectors for in situ expression vaccine antigens and have potential as a new technology platform well suited global health applications.The SAM is based on synthetic, self-amplifying mRNA delivered by nonviral delivery system.The safety immunogenicity an HIV encoding clade C envelope glycoprotein formulated with cationic nanoemulsion (CNE) system was evaluated rhesus macaques.The induced potent cellular immune...
Background The rectum is particularly vulnerable to HIV transmission having only a single protective layer of columnar epithelium overlying tissue rich in activated lymphoid cells; thus, unprotected anal intercourse both women and men carries higher risk infection than other sexual routes. In the absence effective prophylactic vaccines, increasing attention being given use microbicides preventative antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. To prevent mucosal HIV, microbicide/ARV should ideally act locally...
Viral emergence as a result of zoonotic transmission constitutes continuous public health threat. Emerging viruses such SARS coronavirus, hantaviruses and henipaviruses have wildlife reservoirs. Characterising the candidate reservoir species in geographical hot spots for viral is sensible approach to develop tools predict, prevent, or contain events. Here, we explore Eidolon helvum, an Old World fruit bat widely distributed Africa that lives close proximity humans. We identified great...
ObjectivesTo investigate serological differences between SARS-CoV-2 reinfection cases and contemporary controls, to identify antibody correlates of protection against reinfection.MethodsWe performed a case-control study, comparing with singly infected individuals pre-vaccination, matched by gender, age, region timing first infection. Serum samples were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (anti-S), nucleocapsid (anti-N), live virus microneutralisation (LV-N) pseudovirus (PV-N). Results analysed...
ABSTRACT To determine if a specific pathogenic threshold of plasma viral RNA could be defined irrespective virus strain, levels in the more than 50 infected rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ) were measured. Animals inoculated intravenously with either simian immunodeficiency (SIV) or simian-human (SHIV) strains known potential (SIV 8980 , SIV smm-3 mac32H/J5 mac32H/1XC reverse transcriptase-SHIV, SHIV 89.6p attenuated (SHIV W6.1D sf13 han-2 macΔnef sf33 ). In animals nonpathogenic strains,...
MHC class I molecules play an essential role in the immune defense against intracellular infections. The hallmark of is its extensive degree polymorphism at population level. However, present comparison gene intron variation revealed that chimpanzees have experienced a severe repertoire reduction orthologues HLA-A , -B and -C loci. loss variability predates (sub)speciation did not effect other known systems. Therefore selective sweep may resulted from widespread viral infection. Based on...
ABSTRACT Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is induced by proinflammatory cytokines and CTLA-4-expressing T cells constitutes an important mediator of peripheral immune tolerance. In chronic hepatitis C, we found upregulation IDO expression in the liver increased serum kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (a reflection activity). Huh7 supporting C virus (HCV) replication expressed higher levels mRNA than noninfected when stimulated with gamma interferon or cocultured activated cells. infected...
Using sequences from the recA locus, we have produced a phylogeny of 188 Dickeya strains culture collections and identified species relatedness subspecies clade structure within genus. Of six recognized species, paradisiaca, D. chrysanthemi zeae were discriminated with long branch lengths. The containing paradisiaca type strain included just one additional strain, isolated banana in Colombia. Strains Chrysanthemum Parthenium made up most host range this was extended to include potato. had...
Abstract Unrelenting environmental challenges to the gut epithelium place particular demands on local immune system. In this context, intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) compose a large, highly conserved T cell compartment, hypothesized provide first line of defence via cytolysis dysregulated epithelial cells (IEC) and cytokine-mediated re-growth healthy IEC. Here we show that one most conspicuous impacts activated IEL IEC is functional upregulation antiviral interferon...