A5055546387- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- interferon and immune responses
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Infant Nutrition and Health
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Gastrointestinal disorders and treatments
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
Duke-NUS Medical School
2020-2024
National University of Singapore
2018-2024
SingHealth
2021
National Centre for Infectious Diseases
2021
Tan Tock Seng Hospital
2021
A robust serological test to detect neutralizing antibodies SARS-CoV-2 is urgently needed determine not only the infection rate, herd immunity and predicted humoral protection, but also vaccine efficacy during clinical trials after large-scale vaccination. The current gold standard conventional virus neutralization requiring live pathogen a biosafety level 3 laboratory. Here, we report surrogate that detects total immunodominant targeting viral spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain in an...
SummaryEmerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern pose a challenge to the effectiveness current vaccines. A vaccine that could prevent infection caused by known and future as well with pre-emergent sarbecoviruses (i.e., those potential cause disease in humans future) would be ideal. Here we provide data showing potent cross-clade pan-sarbecovirus neutralizing antibodies are induced survivors 1 (SARS-CoV-1) who have been immunized BNT162b2...
Significance Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unconventional innate-like recognizing microbial riboflavin metabolites presented by the monomorphic MR1 molecule. Here, we show that CD8 + CD4 − and subpopulations of human MAIT represent transcriptionally phenotypically discrete subsets with distinct functional profiles. Furthermore, cell receptor repertoire analysis, as well data based on fetal tissues, umbilical cord blood, culture systems indicate subset may derive from main...
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are antimicrobial abundant in the gut, but mechanisms for their migration into tissues during inflammation poorly understood. Here, we used acute pediatric appendicitis (APA), a model of intestinal inflammation, to examine these mechanisms. MAIT were lower numbers circulation patients with APA enriched inflamed appendix increased production proinflammatory cytokines. Using patient-derived organoid (PDAO) model, found that circulating treated...
Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are abundant antimicrobial in humans and recognize antigens derived from the microbial riboflavin biosynthetic pathway presented by MHC-Ib-related protein (MR1). However, mechanisms responsible for MAIT cell activity not fully understood, efficacy of these against antibiotic resistant bacteria has been explored. Here, we show that mediate MR1-restricted Escherichia coli clinical strains a manner dependent on cytolytic proteins but independent...
The emergence of novel betacoronaviruses has posed significant financial and human health burdens, necessitating the development appropriate tools to combat future outbreaks. In this study, we have characterized a cell line, IGROV-1, as robust tool detect, propagate, titrate SARS-CoV-2 HCoV-OC43. IGROV-1 cells can be used for serological assays, antiviral drug testing, isolating variants from patient samples. Using time-course transcriptomics, confirmed that exhibit innate immune response...
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants concern such as Omicron hampered efforts in controlling the ongoing disease 2019 pandemic due to their ability escape neutralizing antibodies induced by vaccination or prior infection, highlighting need develop broad-spectrum vaccines and therapeutics. Most human monoclonal (mAbs) reported date have not demonstrated true pan-sarbecovirus breadth especially against animal sarbecoviruses. Here, we report...
Bats are reservoirs for a large number of viruses which have potential to cause major human disease outbreaks, including the current coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Major efforts underway understand bat immune response viruses, whereas much less is known about their responses bacteria. In this study, MR1-restricted T (MR1T) cells were detected through use MR1 tetramers in circulation and tissues Pteropus alecto (Pa) bats. Pa MR1T exhibited weak MR1-presented microbial metabolites at...
MAIT cells are persistently depleted and functionally exhausted in HIV-1-infected patients despite long-term combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). IL-7 treatment supports cell reconstitution vivo individuals rescues their functionality vitro. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IL-7RA gene modulate levels soluble(s)IL-7Rα (sCD127) influence bioavailability circulating IL-7. Here we evaluate potential on numbers function healthy control (HC) subjects cART. Our findings indicate...
Abstract Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are abundant antimicrobial in humans, and recognize antigens derived from the microbial riboflavin biosynthetic pathway presented by MHC-Ib-related protein (MR1). However, mechanisms responsible for MAIT cell activity not fully understood, efficacy of these against antibiotic resistant bacteria has been explored. Here, we show that mediate MR1-restricted E. coli clinical strains a manner dependent on cytolytic proteins, but independent...
Inflammasome is linked to many inflammatory diseases, including COVID-19 and autoimmune liver diseases. While severe was reported exacerbate failure, we report a fatal acute-on-chronic failure (ACLF) in stable primary biliary cholangitis-autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome patient triggered by mild infection. Postmortem biopsy showed sparse SARS-CoV-2-infected macrophages with extensive ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD) speck-positive hepatocytes, correlating...
Bats harbor viruses of global public health significance. Understanding bat immune systems may provide intervention strategies to prevent zoonotic disease transmission and identify therapeutic targets. This protocol describes how culture expand pteropid unconventional T cells, restricted by the MHC-I-related protein 1 (MR1), an MHC-I-like protein. Using multicolor flow-cytometry-based techniques, we examine MR1T cell functionality, including proliferative capacity, cytotoxicity, cytokine...