A5047498205- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Disaster Response and Management
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Malaria Research and Control
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Global Security and Public Health
- Leptospirosis research and findings
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Poxvirus research and outbreaks
United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
2014-2024
University of California, Davis
2021
Myanmar Oxford Clinical Research Unit
2021
Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department
2021
CS Diagnostics
2018
National Center for Communicable Diseases
2018
Ministry of Health
2018
National Institutes of Health
2015
Liberian Institute for Biomedical Research
2015
Naval Medical Research Unit EURAFCENT
2015
West Nile fever caused fatal disease in humans, horses, and birds the northeastern United States during 1999. We studied from two wildlife facilities New York City, York, that died or were euthanatized suspected to have virus infections. Using standard histologic ultrastructural methods, isolation, immunohistochemistry, situ hybridization reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, we identified as cause of clinical disease, severe pathologic changes, death 27 representing eight orders...
A suspected case of sexual transmission from a male survivor Ebola virus disease (EVD) to his female partner (the patient in this report) occurred Liberia March 2015. (EBOV) genomes assembled blood samples the and semen sample were consistent with direct transmission. The shared three substitutions that absent all other Western African EBOV sequences distinct last documented chain before case. Combined epidemiologic data, genomic analysis provides evidence persistence infective for 179 days...
Abstract FDA proactively invests in tools to support innovation of emerging technologies, such as infectious disease next generation sequencing (ID-NGS). Here, we introduce FDA-ARGOS quality-controlled reference genomes a public database for diagnostic purposes and demonstrate its utility on the example two use cases. We provide quality control metrics genomic resource outline need genome gap filling domain. In first case, show more accurate microbial identification Enterococcus avium from...
Viral hemorrhagic fever is caused by a diverse group of single-stranded, negative-sense or positive-sense RNA viruses belonging to the families Filoviridae (Ebola and Marburg), Arenaviridae (Lassa, Junin, Machupo, Sabia, Guanarito), Bunyaviridae (hantavirus). Disease characteristics in these mark each with potential be used as biological threat agent. Because other diseases have similar clinical symptoms, specific laboratory diagnostic tests are necessary provide differential diagnosis...
The structure of Sindbis virus was determined by electron cryomicroscopy. virion contains two icosahedral shells viral-encoded proteins separated a membrane bilayer cellular origin. three-dimensional the ice-embedded intact virus, reconstructed from images, unambiguously shows that in both are arranged with same lattice triangulation number T = 4. These studies also provide structural evidence contact between glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein across bilayer. organization has profound...
Sierra Leone in West Africa is a Lassa fever-hyperendemic region that also includes Guinea and Liberia. Each year, suspected fever cases result submission of ≈500-700 samples to the Kenema Government Hospital Diagnostic Laboratory eastern Leone. Generally only 30%-40% tested are positive for virus (LASV) antigen and/or LASV-specific IgM; thus, 60%-70% these patients have acute diseases unknown origin. To investigate what other arthropod-borne hemorrhagic viral might cause serious illness...
Arthorpod-borne viruses (arboviruses) cause wide-spread morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa, but little research has documented the burden and distribution of these pathogens.Using a population-based, cross-sectional study design, we administered detailed questionnaire used ELISA to test blood 1,141 healthy Kenyan adults from three districts for presence anti-viral Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies following viruses: dengue (DENV), West Nile (WNV), yellow fever (YFV), Chikungunya (CHIKV), Rift...
In 2014, Ebola virus (EBOV) was identified as the etiological agent of a large and still expanding outbreak disease (EVD) in West Africa much more confined EVD Middle Africa. Epidemiological evolutionary analyses confirmed that all cases both outbreaks are connected to single introduction each EBOV into human populations not directly connected. Coding-complete genomic sequence isolates revealed two were caused by novel variants, initial clinical observations suggest neither them should be...
Abstract Background Lassa fever is a neglected tropical disease with significant impact on the health care system, society, and economy of Western Central African nations where it endemic. Treatment acute infections has successfully utilized intravenous administration ribavirin, nucleotide analogue drug, but this not an approved use; efficacy oral been demonstrated. To date, several potential new vaccine platforms have explored, none progressed toward clinical trials commercialization....
To support Liberia's response to the ongoing Ebola virus (EBOV) disease epidemic in Western Africa, we established in-country advanced genomic capabilities monitor EBOV evolution. Twenty-five genomes were sequenced at Liberian Institute for Biomedical Research, which provided an in-depth view of diversity Liberia during September 2014-February 2015. These sequences consistent with a single introduction Liberia; however, shared ancestry isolates from Mali indicated least 1 additional instance...
Sub-Saharan Africa is home to a variety of pathogens, but disease surveillance and the healthcare infrastructure necessary for proper management control are severely limited. Lassa virus, cause fever, severe hemorrhagic fever in humans endemic West Africa. In Sierra Leone at Kenema Government Hospital Diagnostic Laboratory, up 70 % acute patient samples suspected test negative virus infection. This large amount undiagnosed febrile illness can be attributed part an array arthropod-borne...
Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne disease, is associated with illness of varying severity in countries the tropics and sub tropics. cases continue to be detected more frequently its geographic range continues expand. We report largest documented laboratory confirmed circulation dengue virus parts Kenya since 1982.From September 2011 December 2014, 868 samples from febrile patients were received hospitals Nairobi, northern coastal Kenya. The immunoglobulin M enzyme linked immunosorbent assay...
In response to an outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in western Afghanistan, we measured immunoglobulin G seroprevalence among household members and their animals. Seroprevalence was 11.2% 75.0% humans (n = 330) livestock 132), respectively. Persons with frequent exposure cattle had elevated risk being positive.
Abstract Early detection of Ebola virus (EBOV) infection is essential to halting transmission and adjudicating appropriate treatment. However, current methods rely on viral identification, this approach can misdiagnose presymptomatic asymptomatic individuals. In contrast, disease-driven alterations in the host transcriptome be exploited for pathogen-specific diagnostic biomarkers. Here, we present first time EBOV-induced changes circulating miRNA populations nonhuman primates (NHPs) humans....
Abstract Over the span of a few weeks during July and August 2014, events in West Africa changed perceptions Ebola virus disease (EVD) from an exotic tropical to priority for global health security. We describe observations that time field team Centers Disease Control Prevention personnel Liberian Ministry Health Social Welfare. outline early epidemiology EVD within Liberia, including practical limitations on surveillance effect country's care system, such as infections among workers. During...
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is the most medically important tick-borne viral disease of humans and tuberculosis leading cause death worldwide by a bacterial pathogen. These two diseases overlap geographically, however, concurrent infection CCHF virus (CCHFV) with mycobacterial has not been assessed nor ability to persist long-term sequela in primate model. In this study, we compared progression diverse strains CCHFV recently described cynomolgus macaque All animals demonstrated...
Development and evaluation of medical countermeasures for diagnostics, vaccines, therapeutics requires production standardized, reproducible, well characterized virus preparations. For filoviruses this includes plaque assay quantitation infectious virus, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) morphology particles, real-time reverse transcription PCR viral RNA (qRT-PCR). The ViroCyt® Virus Counter (VC) 2100 (ViroCyt, Boulder, CO, USA) is a flow-based instrument capable quantifying particles...
Background. Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIs) are point-of-care diagnostic assays that designed for single use outside a formal laboratory, with in-home pregnancy tests the best-known example of these tests. Although LFI has some limitations over more-complex immunoassay procedures, such as reduced sensitivity and potential false-positive results when using complex sample matrices, assay benefits rapid time to result ease use. These make it an attractive option obtaining in austere...