A5080480753- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Respiratory viral infections research
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- interferon and immune responses
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- Travel-related health issues
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
2024
UK Health Security Agency
2021-2024
Michigan State University
2023
Public Health England
2013-2022
Government of the United Kingdom
2020-2022
iRhythm (United States)
2021
Clinical Science Institute
2020
The Francis Crick Institute
2020
Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust
2015
Health Protection Agency
2006-2011
Background The ongoing outbreak of the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) poses a challenge for public health laboratories as virus isolates are unavailable while there is growing evidence that more widespread than initially thought, and international spread through travellers does already occur. Aim We aimed to develop deploy robust diagnostic methodology use in laboratory settings without having material available. Methods Here we present validated workflow 2019-nCoV, its...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral load in the upper tract peaks around symptom onset and infectious virus persists for 10 days mild-to-moderate disease (n = 324 samples analysed). RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values correlate strongly with cultivable virus. Probability of culturing declines to 8% Ct > 35 6% after onset; it is similar asymptomatic symptomatic persons. Asymptomatic persons represent a source transmissible
There are few primary care studies of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to identify demographic and clinical risk factors for testing positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within Oxford Royal College General Practitioners (RCGP) Research Surveillance Centre network.We analysed routinely collected, pseudonymised data patients in RCGP sentinel network who were tested SARS-CoV-2 between Jan 28 April 4, 2020. used multivariable logistic regression models with...
SARS-CoV-2 is a recently emerged respiratory pathogen that has significantly impacted global human health. We wanted to rapidly characterise the transcriptomic, proteomic and phosphoproteomic landscape of this novel coronavirus provide fundamental description virus's genomic potential.
BackgroundSeasonal epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cause a clinically significant burden disease among young children. Non-pharmaceutical interventions targeted at SARS-CoV-2 have affected the activity other pathogens. We describe changes in epidemiology RSV children younger than 5 years England since 2020.MethodsSurveillance data on infections, comprising laboratory-confirmed cases, proportion positive tests, hospital admissions for RSV-attributable illness, and syndromic...
ABSTRACT A multiplex reverse transcription (RT)-PCR method that has been developed is capable of detecting and subtyping influenza (H1N1 H3N2) B viruses as well respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) types in clinical samples taken part a national community-based surveillance program influenza-like illness England Wales. The detection each different pathogen depended on distinguishing five amplification products sizes agarose gels following RT-PCR with multiple primer sets. was tested 65...
Abstract Proteolytic degradation (processing) of antigen by antigen‐presenting cells is a major regulatory step in the activation T lymphocyte immune response. However, enzymes responsible for processing remain largely undefined. In this study we show that cathepsin E, and not ubiquitous lysosomal D, aspartic proteinase murine cell line, A20. Thisenzyme localized to non‐lysosomal compartment endosomal system these cells. Functional studies using highly specific inhibitor E enzyme essential...
Background. Oseltamivir, a specific influenza neuraminidase inhibitor, is an effective treatment for seasonal influenza. Emergence of drug-resistant viruses after has been reported, particularly in children Japan, where the dosing schedule different from that used throughout rest world. We investigated emergence infection treated with tiered weight-based regimen.
The 2011/12 season was characterised by unusually late influenza A (H3N2) activity in the United Kingdom (UK). We measured vaccine effectiveness (VE) of trivalent seasonal (TIV) a test-negative case–control study primary care. Overall VE against confirmed infection, adjusted for age, surveillance scheme and month, 23% (95% confidence interval (CI): -10 to 47). Stratified analysis time period gave an 43% CI: -34 75) October 2011 January 2012 17% -24 45) February April 2012. since vaccination...
This paper describes the epidemiology of fatal pandemic influenza A(H1N1) cases in United Kingdom (UK) since April 2009 and particular risk factors associated with death. A case was defined as a UK resident who died between 27 12 March 2010, whom infection confirmed by laboratory or recorded on death certificate. Case fatality ratios (CFR) were calculated using estimated cumulative number clinical denominator. The relative comparing population mortality rate each group, those not group....
In 2015/16, the influenza season in United Kingdom was dominated by A(H1N1)pdm09 circulation. Virus characterisation indicated emergence of genetic clusters, with majority antigenically similar to current vaccine strain. Mid-season effectiveness (VE) estimates show an adjusted VE 41.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.0-64.7) against influenza-confirmed primary care consultations and 49.1% CI: 9.3-71.5) A(H1N1)pdm09. These levels protection 2010/11 season, when this strain first used...
The 2014/15 influenza season was the second of roll-out a live attenuated vaccine (LAIV) programme for healthy children in England. During this season, besides offering LAIV to all two four year olds, several areas piloted vaccination primary (4–11 years) and secondary (11–13 age children. Influenza A(H3N2) circulated, with strains genetically antigenically distinct from strain, followed by drifted B strain. We assessed overall indirect impact vaccinating school children, comparing...
The United Kingdom (UK) is in the third season of introducing universal paediatric influenza vaccination with a quadrivalent live attenuated vaccine (LAIV). 2015/16 UK was initially dominated by A(H1N1)pdm09 and then B/Victoria lineage, not contained that season's adult trivalent inactivated (IIV). Overall adjusted end-of-season effectiveness (VE) 52.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 41.0-61.6) against influenza-confirmed primary care consultation, 54.5% CI: 41.6-64.5) 54.2% 33.1-68.6) B. In...
(See the editorial commentary by Finelli and Chaves, on pages 1701-4.) Background. Previous studies identifying associations between influenza acute cardiac events may have been confounded climatic factors. Differing seasonal patterns of activity in Hong Kong England Wales provide a natural experiment to examine with myocardial infarction (MI) independent cold weather effects. Methods. Weekly clinical laboratory surveillance data, environmental temperature humidity counts MI-associated...
Background Respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV ) is a leading cause of hospital admission in young children. With several vaccines candidates undergoing clinical trials, recent estimates burden are required to provide baseline for vaccine impact studies. Objectives To estimate the number ‐associated admissions children aged <5 years England over 5‐year period from 2007 using ecological time series modelling national administrative data. Patients/Methods Multiple linear regression weekly...
The 2014/15 influenza season in the United Kingdom (UK) was characterised by circulation of predominantly antigenically and genetically drifted A(H3N2) B viruses. A universal paediatric vaccination programme using a quadrivalent live attenuated vaccine (LAIV) has recently been introduced UK. This study aims to measure end-of-season effectiveness (VE), including for LAIV, test negative case-control design. overall adjusted VE against all 34.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 17.8 47.5); 29.3%...
As part of the introduction and roll-out a universal childhood live-attenuated influenza vaccination programme, 4-11 year-olds were vaccinated in seven pilot areas England 2013/14 season. This paper presents uptake impact programme for range disease indicators. End-of-season was defined as number children target population who received at least one dose vaccine. Between week 40 2013 15 2014, cumulative incidence per 100,000 (general practitioner consultations influenza-like illness...
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes illnesses among all age groups and presents a burden to healthcare services. To better understand the epidemiology seasonality of RSV in different geographical areas, World Health Organization (WHO) coordinated pilot initiative access feasibility establishing surveillance using existing Global Influenza Surveillance Response System (GISRS) platform.To describe compare influenza countries northern andsouthern temperate, tropics during period...