A5066396959- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Dietary Effects on Health
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Fecal contamination and water quality
- Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Cassava research and cyanide
- Blood donation and transfusion practices
- Spaceflight effects on biology
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
- Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Food Safety and Hygiene
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2014-2024
Kent State University
2011-2024
Waterborne Environmental (United States)
2012-2021
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
2009-2020
World Health Organization - Zimbabwe
2020
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
2019
University of Washington
2019
Ministry of Health
2015
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2015
Makerere University
2015
We compared the clinical presentation of 95 newborns with herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection from 1973 through 1981 (first period) data 196 evaluated 1982 1987(second period). There was a significant change in these infants. From first to second period, frequency disseminated disease decreased 50.5% 22.9%, whereas skin, eye, and mouth (SEM) diseases increased 17.9% 43.4% (P < .001). The infants central nervous system (CNS) remained relatively unchanged - 31.6% versus 33.7%. also...
In 2002, a sharp increase in outbreaks of norovirus-associated illness, both on cruise ships and land, encouraged us to examine the molecular epidemiology detected noroviruses, identify common strain or source. Of 14 laboratory-confirmed ships, 12 (86%) were attributed caliciviruses; among these 12, outbreak characteristics included continuation successive cruises 6 (50%), multiple modes transmission 7 (58%), high (>10%) attack rates (58%). Eleven calicivirus (64%) which previously...
A water quality intervention that consists of treatment, safe storage, and community education was field tested in Kitwe, Zambia. total 166 households were randomly selected from one 94 control another. Baseline surveys conducted the distributed. Weekly active diarrhea surveillance, biweekly testing, a follow-up survey conducted. Compliance high households: 97% reported using disinfectant 72-95% had measurable chlorine their testing. The percentage storing safely increased 41.5% to 89.2%....
Intensive handwashing promotion can reduce diarrheal and respiratory disease incidence. To determine whether less intensive, more scalable interventions improve health, we evaluated a school-based program. We randomized 87 Chinese schools to usual practices: standard intervention (handwashing program) or expanded program, soap for school sinks, peer hygiene monitors). compared student absence rates, adjusting cluster design. In control schools, children experienced median 2.0 episodes...
Journal Article Exposure to Parturient Cats: A Risk Factor for Acquisition of Q Fever in Maritime Canada Get access Thomas J. Marrie, Marrie Please address requests reprints Dr. Room 4090, Ambulatory Care Center, Victoria General Hospital, 1278 Tower Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9. Search other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Heather Durant, Durant Jim C. Williams, Williams Eric Mintz, Mintz David M. Waag The Infectious Diseases, Volume 158, Issue 1, July...
In February 2018, a typhoid fever outbreak caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (Typhi), resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolones, and third-generation cephalosporins, was reported in Pakistan. During November 2016-September 2017, 339 cases of this extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strain were Pakistan, mostly Karachi Hyderabad; one travel-associated case also from the United Kingdom (1). More have been detected Hyderabad as...
Background Diarrhea is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Data on risk factors for are limited. We conducted hospital-based surveillance to characterize the etiology diarrhea identify death among children hospitalized with rural western Kenya. Methods Findings enrolled all <5 years old, (≥3 loose stools 24 hours) at two district hospitals Nyanza Province, Clinical demographic information was collected. Stool specimens were tested bacterial viral...
Although there is substantial evidence that glutamate mimics the effects of light on mammalian circadian clock in vitro , it has been reported microinjection into suprachiasmatic nucleus hypothalamus (SCN) region vivo does not result a pattern phase shifts mimic those caused by pulses. The present study was designed to test hypothesis NMDA SCN would induce light-like through activation receptor. Hamsters housed constant darkness received microinjections guide cannulas aimed at various times...
To describe trends in bacterial diarrhea among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons during 1992-2002, we examined data from a longitudinal record review study of with HIV infection who were receiving medical care >100 facilities 9 major United States cities.An analysis was performed using 44,778 followed up for mean 2.6 years. We calculated incidence rates and rate ratios diarrhea, by stage disease, determined odds (ORs) to compare diagnosis 2002 versus 1992.The annual 7.2...
Background. Diarrhea is a major cause of preventable illness in sub-Saharan Africa. Although most cases bacterial gastroenteritis do not require antimicrobial treatment, use widespread. We examined the causes diarrhea and monitored susceptibilities isolates through clinic-based surveillance rural Kenyan community.
(See the Major Article by Lutterloh et al, on pages 1100–6 and Editorial Commentary Crump, 1107–9.) Background. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Salmonella Typhi) causes an estimated 22 million typhoid fever cases 216 000 deaths annually worldwide. In Africa, lack of laboratory diagnostic capacity limits ability to recognize endemic detect outbreaks. We report a large laboratory-confirmed outbreak in Uganda with high proportion intestinal perforations (IPs). Methods. A suspected case was...
Background The epidemiology of non-Typhi Salmonella (NTS) bacteremia in Africa will likely evolve as potential co-factors, such HIV, malaria, and urbanization, also change. Methods As part population-based surveillance among 55,000 persons malaria-endemic, rural malaria-nonendemic, urban Kenya from 2006–2009, blood cultures were obtained patients presenting to referral clinics with fever ≥38.0°C or severe acute respiratory infection. Incidence rates adjusted based on compatible illnesses,...
(See the Major Article by Neil et al, on pages 1091–9 and Editorial Commentary Crump, 1107–9.) Background. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi causes an estimated 22 million cases of typhoid fever 216 000 deaths annually worldwide. We investigated outbreak unexplained febrile illnesses with neurologic findings, determined to be fever, along Malawi–Mozambique border. Methods. The investigation included active surveillance, interviews, examinations ill convalescent persons, medical chart...
On 6 February 2015, Kampala city authorities alerted the Ugandan Ministry of Health a “strange disease” that killed one person and sickened dozens. We conducted an epidemiologic investigation to identify nature disease, mode transmission, risk factors inform timely effective control measures. defined suspected case as onset fever (≥37.5 °C) for more than 3 days with abdominal pain, headache, negative malaria test or failed anti-malaria treatment, at least 2 following: diarrhea, nausea...
Ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (Typhi), the bacterium that causes typhoid fever, is a growing public health threat. Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) resistant to ceftriaxone and other antibiotics used for treatment, including ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (1). In March 2018, CDC began enhanced surveillance ceftriaxone-resistant in response an ongoing outbreak of XDR fever Pakistan. had previously reported first five cases...
ABSTRACT We report sporadic cases of a severe gastroenteritis associated with Vibrio cholerae serogroup O141. Like O1 and O139 strains V. isolated from cholera cases, the O141 clinical isolates carry DNA sequences that hybridize to toxin (CT) gene probes. The CT genes are carried by filamentous bacteriophage (termed CTX phage) which is known use toxin-coregulated pili (TCP) as its receptor. In an effort understand mechanism emergence toxigenic , we probed collection environmental for...
Oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) have been recommended in cholera-endemic settings and preemptively during outbreaks complex emergencies. However, experience guidelines for reactive use after an outbreak has started are limited. In 2010, over a century without epidemic cholera, was reported Haiti earthquake. As intensive nonvaccine control measures were initiated, the feasibility of OCV considered. We reviewed characteristics recommendations their assessed global vaccine availability capacity to...
Background. From 2003 through 2007, Vibrio cholerae serogroup O75 strains possessing the cholera toxin gene were isolated from 6 patients with severe diarrhea, including 3 in Georgia, 2 Alabama, and 1 South Carolina. These reports represent first identification of V. as a cause illness United States. was water sample collected pond Louisiana 2004. Subsequently, isolates (2 diarrhea 2000 1978) that had been previously reported O141 also discovered to be O75. Results. All 8 who infected adults...