A5076276637- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Health Policy Implementation Science
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
- Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods
- Congenital gastrointestinal and neural anomalies
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Biomedical and Engineering Education
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Infant Health and Development
- AI in cancer detection
- Primary Care and Health Outcomes
- Genomics and Rare Diseases
- COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
University of Washington
2025
Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics
2024
Johns Hopkins University
2022-2024
City University of Hong Kong
2021
Abstract Introduction In high-burden settings, low-complexity screening tests for tuberculosis (TB) could expand the reach of community-based case-finding efforts. The potential costs and cost-effectiveness approaches incorporating these are poorly understood. Methods We developed a microsimulation model assessing 3 to in hypothetical populations (India-, South Africa-, Philippines-, Uganda-, Vietnam-like settings) with TB prevalence 4 times that national estimates: (1) point-of-care...
Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Current WHO-recommended strategies for diagnosing TB hospitalized PLHIV rely on symptom screening disease severity to assess eligibility urine lipoarabinomannan lateral flow (LF-LAM) molecular testing. Despite these recommendations, autopsy studies show a large burden undiagnosed admitted PLHIV. The EXULTANT trial aims the impact expanded strategy using three specimens (sputum, stool,...
Abstract Background In settings with large case detection gaps, active case-finding (ACF) may play a critical role in the uberculosis (TB) response. However, ACF is resource intensive, and its effectiveness depends on whether people detected TB through might otherwise spontaneously resolve or be diagnosed routine care. We analysed potential of for relative to counterfactual scenario care alone. Methods constructed Markov simulation model natural history, diagnosis, symptoms, treatment, using...
Access to drug resistant testing for tuberculosis (TB) remains a challenge in high burden countries. Recently, the World Health Organization approved use of several moderate complexity automated nucleic acid amplification tests (MC-NAAT) that have performance profiles suitable placement range TB laboratory tiers improve susceptibility (DST) coverage.We conducted cost analysis two MC-NAATs with different throughput: Lower Throughput (LT, < 24 per run) and Higher (HT, upto 90+ hypothetical...
Functional intestinal imaging holds importance for the diagnosis and evaluation of treatment gastrointestinal diseases. Currently, preclinical motility in animal models is performed either invasively with excised intestines or noninvasively under anesthesia, cannot reveal dynamics awake condition. Capitalizing on near-infrared optics a high-absorbing contrast agent, we report Trans-illumination Intestine Projection (TIP) system free-moving mice. After complete evaluation, vivo studies,...
Abstract Background Each year, 1 million children develop TB resulting in over 200,000 child deaths. preventive treatment (TPT) is highly effective preventing but remains poorly implemented for household contacts. Home-based contact management and TPT services may improve access to care. In this study, we aim evaluate the effectiveness cost-effectiveness of home-based with initiation two high-burden African countries, Ethiopia South Africa. Methods This pragmatic cluster randomized trial...
Abstract Background In 2020, the WHO-approved Molbio Truenat platform and MTB assays to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTB) resistance rifampicin directly on sputum specimens. This primary health care center-based trial in Mozambique Tanzania investigates effect of platform/MTB (intervention arm) combined with rapid communication results compared standard TB diagnosis treatment initiation for microbiologically confirmed at 7 days from enrolment. Methods The Tuberculosis Close...
Abstract Background Computer-aided detection (CAD) using artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze chest radiographs is an important tool for community tuberculosis (TB) screening in high burden countries. Most current algorithms use a universal cut-off score select individuals confirmatory TB testing; however, tailored based on client demographics (age and sex) may improve performance. Methods Community-based was conducted portable X-ray with CAD (qXR, [Qure.ai, India]) as part of...
<h3>Background</h3> Diagnostic testing for TB needs to optimize access, turnaround time and thus treatment initiation cost. Point of care (POC) optimizes the former, but additional costs beyond test cost alone might be drivers overall in a POC strategy, especially low-and-middle-income settings. <h3>Methods</h3> We estimated health system per participant tested on-site via novel Molbio Truenat MTB/RIF platform (Molbio Diagnostics, Verna, Goa, India) versus hub-and-spoke standard care,...