A5056978812- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills
- AI in cancer detection
- Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Diabetes Management and Education
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
- Machine Learning in Healthcare
- HIV, TB, and STIs Epidemiology
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
Makerere University
2019-2025
World Health Organization - Uganda
2024
Uganda Virus Research Institute
2023
Abstract Background New, sensitive diagnostic tests facilitate identification and investigation of milder forms tuberculosis (TB) disease. We used community-based TB testing with the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay (“Ultra”) to characterize individuals previously undiagnosed compare them those from same community who were diagnosed through routine care. Methods offered sputum adult residents a well-defined area (population 34 000 adults) in Kampala, Uganda, via door-to-door screening venue-based...
Diagnosing childhood pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a challenge. This led the Uganda National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Program (NTLP) to develop clinical treatment decision algorithm (TDA) for children. However, there limited data on its accuracy, how it compares new World Health Organization (WHO) TB TDAs study aimed evaluate compare accuracy of 2017 NTLP diagnostic with 2022 WHO among We analyzed four years from children <15 old in Kampala, Uganda. Children were classified as per...
Background Clinical tuberculosis diagnosis and empiric treatment have traditionally been common among patients with negative bacteriologic test results. Increasing availability of rapid molecular diagnostic tests, including Xpert MTB/RIF the new Ultra cartridge, may alter role treatment. Methods We prospectively enrolled outpatients age > = 15 who were evaluated for pulmonary at three health facilities in Kampala, Uganda. Using sputum mycobacterial culture, interviews, clinical record...
Abstract Background Challenges accessing nearby health facilities may be a barrier to initiating and completing tuberculosis (TB) treatment. We aimed evaluate whether distance from residence facility chosen for treatment is associated with TB outcomes. Methods conducted retrospective cohort study of all patients at six in Kampala 2014 2016. investigated associations between treating unfavorable outcomes (death, loss follow up, or failure) using multivariable Poisson regression. Results...
Background Systematic screening is a potential tool for reducing the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) and counteracting COVID-19-related disruptions in care. Repeated community-wide can also measure changes TB over time. Methods We conducted serial, cross-sectional case finding campaigns one community Kampala, Uganda, 2019 2021. Both sought sputum testing (Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra) from all adolescents adults. estimated among participants each campaign compared characteristics people with across...
Rationale C-reactive protein (CRP) has demonstrated utility as a point-of-care triage test for tuberculosis (TB) in clinical settings, particularly among people with HIV, but its performance general-population TB screening is not well characterized. Objective To assess the accuracy of CRP detecting pulmonary disease individuals undergoing community-based or presenting evaluation symptoms Kampala, Uganda. Methods We pooled data from two case-control studies conducted between May 2018 and...
Routine tuberculosis (TB) notifications are geographically heterogeneous, but their utility in predicting the location of undiagnosed TB cases is unclear. We aimed to identify small-scale geographic areas with high notification rates based on routinely collected data and evaluate whether these have a correspondingly rate prevalent TB. used evaluated extent which correlated during subsequent community-wide active case finding intervention Kampala, Uganda. first enrolled all adults who lived...
Background In highly resource-limited settings, many clinics lack same-day microbiological testing for active tuberculosis (TB). these contexts, risk of pretreatment loss to follow-up is high, and a simple, easy-to-use clinical score could be useful. Methods findings We analyzed data from adults tested TB with Xpert MTB/RIF across 28 primary health in rural South Africa (between July 2016 January 2018). used least absolute shrinkage selection operator regression identify characteristics...
BACKGROUND: Population-based active case-finding (ACF) identifies people with TB in communities but can be costly. METHODS: We conducted an empiric costing study within a door-to-door household ACF campaign urban community Uganda, where all adults, regardless of symptoms, were screened by sputum Xpert Ultra testing. used combination direct observation and self-reported logs to estimate staffing requirements. Study budgets reviewed collect costs overheads, equipment, consumables. Our primary...
majority of alcohol use pattern studies among university students are from developed countries. Information about the different patterns and their correlates in sub-Saharan Africa is limited. The aim this study was to examine prevalence cardinal demographic psychosocial factors associated with specific Ugandan students.a cross section conducted over 5-months using a standardized socio-demographic questionnaire screened for problems, depression symptoms academic stress disorders...
Background International and internal migration are recognized risk factors for tuberculosis (TB). Geographic mobility, including travel work, education, or personal reasons, may also play a role in TB transmission, but this relationship is poorly defined. We aimed to define geographic mobility among participants facility- community-based case finding Kampala, Uganda, assess associations between access care, disease. Methods included consecutive individuals age ≥15 years diagnosed with...
BACKGROUND: The yield of TB contact tracing is often limited by challenges in reaching individuals during the screening process. We investigated times at which index patients and household contacts were typically home potential effects expanding timing home-based investigation.METHODS: Index Kampala, Uganda, asked about their likely availability different day/time combinations. calculated "participant identification gap" (defined as proportion participants who reported being <50% time)...
Abstract Background Systematic screening is a potential tool for reducing the prevalence of tuberculosis and counteracting COVID-related disruptions in care. Repeated community-wide can also measure changes over time. Methods We conducted serial, cross-sectional case-finding campaigns one community Kampala, Uganda, 2019 2021. Both sought sputum testing (Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra) from all adolescents adults. estimated among participants each campaign compared characteristics people with across...
When evaluating symptomatic patients for tuberculosis (TB) without access to same-day diagnostic test results, clinicians often make empiric decisions about starting treatment. The number of TB symptoms and/or underweight status could help identify at highest risk a positive result. We sought evaluate the usefulness BMI assessment and count characteristic identifying TB.We enrolled adult receiving pulmonary diagnoses representative sample with negative evaluations four outpatient health...
Diagnosing childhood pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a challenge, and this led the Uganda National Tuberculosis Leprosy Program (NTLP) to develop clinical treatment decision algorithm (TDA) for children. However, there limited data on its accuracy how it compares new World Health Organization (WHO) TB TDAs This study aimed evaluate compare of 2017 NTLP with 2022 WHO among children in Kampala, Uganda. We retrospectively assessed <15 years old who underwent an evaluation between November...
Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) has demonstrated utility as a point-of-care triage test for tuberculosis (TB) in clinical settings, particularly among people with HIV, but its performance general-population TB screening is not well characterized.Methods: We conducted community-based adolescents and adults Kampala, Uganda. enrolled Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra-positive (including trace) sputum results sample of Ultra-negative results. also symptomatic patients evaluated ambulatory care settings....
Abstract Background Computer-aided detection (CAD) using artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze chest radiographs is an important tool for community tuberculosis (TB) screening in high burden countries. Most current algorithms use a universal cut-off score select individuals confirmatory TB testing; however, tailored based on client demographics (age and sex) may improve performance. Methods Community-based was conducted portable X-ray with CAD (qXR, [Qure.ai, India]) as part of...