A5033470107- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Adolescent and Pediatric Healthcare
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Infant Nutrition and Health
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Gene expression and cancer classification
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Sensory Analysis and Statistical Methods
Johns Hopkins University
2016-2025
University of the Witwatersrand
2022
Perinatal HIV Research Unit
2022
Kennedy Krieger Institute
2022
Kuwait University
2020
Abu Dhabi Health Services
2020
Kathmandu University
2018
Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics
2017
Bloomberg (United States)
2015
Johns Hopkins Medicine
2014
Proliferation of CD4+ T cells harboring HIV-1 proviruses is a major contributor to viral persistence in people on antiretroviral therapy (ART). To determine whether differential rates clonal proliferation or HIV-1–specific cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) pressure shape the provirus landscape, we performed an intact proviral DNA assay (IPDA) and obtained 661 near–full-length sequences from 8 individuals with suppressed loads ART at time points 7 years apart. We observed slow decay but no changes...
Objective: In settings of high HIV prevalence, tuberculosis control and patient management are hindered by lack accurate, rapid diagnostic tests that can be performed at point-of-care. The Determine TB LAM Ag (TB LAM) test is a lateral flow immunochromatographic for detection mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in urine. Our objective was to determine sensitivity specificity the diagnosis. Design: Prospective accuracy study. Setting: Hospital outpatient Uganda South Africa. Participants:...
Youth-led strategies remain untested in clinic-based programs to improve viral suppression (VS) and reduce stigma among HIV-positive adolescents young adults (AYA) sub-Saharan Africa. In response, Project YES! placed paid youth peer mentors (YPM) four HIV clinics Ndola, Zambia including a Children's Hospital (pediatric setting), an adult two primary care facilities (adult settings).A randomized controlled trial was conducted from December 2017 February 2019. Consecutively recruited 15...
Optimal breastfeeding practices, reflected by early initiation and feeding of colostrum, avoidance prelacteal feeds, continued exclusivity or predominance breastfeeding, are critical for assuring proper infant nutrition, growth development. We used data from a nationally representative survey in 21 district sites across the Mountains, Hills Terai (southern plains) Nepal 2013. Determinants predominant were explored 1015 infants < 12 months age. Prelacteal feeds defined as food/drink other...
Background The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends systematic symptom screening for tuberculosis (TB). However, TB prevalence surveys suggest that this strategy does not identify millions of patients, globally. Undiagnosed or delayed diagnosis contribute to transmission and exacerbate morbidity mortality. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial large urban rural primary healthcare clinics in 3 provinces South Africa evaluate whether novel intervention targeted universal testing (TUTT)...
Background There is a dearth of comparative effectiveness research examining the implementation different strategies for active tuberculosis (TB) case finding, particularly in rural settings, which represent 60% population sub-Saharan Africa. Methods and findings We conducted pragmatic, cluster-randomized trial two TB finding (facility-based screening contact tracing) 56 public primary care clinics largely districts Limpopo Province, South In facility-based arm, sputum Xpert MTB/RIF was...
We report the yield of targeted universal tuberculosis (TB) testing clinic attendees in high-risk groups.
Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem, and understanding the geographic distribution of disease critical in planning evaluating intervention strategies. This manuscript illustrates application Group-Based Trajectory Modeling (GBTM), statistical method that analyzes evolution an outcome over time to identify groups with similar trajectories. Specifically, we apply GBTM number TB notifications across various locations, aiming locations Locations sharing same...
Pneumonia is the leading cause of death for children under 5 years age globally, making research on modifiable risk factors childhood pneumonia important reducing this disease burden. Millions globally are exposed to elevated levels arsenic in drinking water. However, there limited data association between exposure and respiratory infections, particularly among pediatric populations. This case control study 153 cases 296 controls 28 days 59 months rural Bangladesh first assess whether a...
Objective We investigated whether previously reported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of EPHA2 in European studies are associated with cataract India. Methods carried out a population-based genetic association study. enumerated randomly sampled villages two areas north and south India to identify people aged 40 over. Participants attended clinical examination including lens photography provided blood sample for genotyping. Lens images were graded by the Opacification Classification...
Background Mortality in hospitalized, febrile patients Sub-Saharan Africa is high due to HIV-infected, severely immunosuppressed with opportunistic co-infection, particularly disseminated tuberculosis (TB) and cryptococcal disease. We sought determine if a positive lateral flow assay (LFA) result for urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigenuria was associated mortality. Methods 351 HIV-positive adults symptoms consistent TB who were able provide both sputum specimens prospectively enrolled at...
Factors associated with delay in care-seeking for fatal neonatal illness the Sylhet district of Bangladesh: results from a verbal and social autopsy study Background We conducted to determine cultural-, social-and health system-related factors that were formal care seeking district, Bangladesh.Methods Verbal interviews mothers who experienced death between October 2007 May 2011.We fitted semi-parametric regression model cumulative incidence first, accounting competing events or informal...
<sec> <title>SETTING</title> Fifty-five public clinics in northern South Africa. </sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> To estimate patient costs and identify the factors associated with catastrophic among individuals treated for tuberculosis (TB). <title>DESIGN</title> We performed cross-sectional interviews of consecutive patients at from October 2017 to January 2018. 'Catastrophic costs' were defined as totalling ≥20% annual household income. For participants no reported income, we considered...
Intimate partner violence (IPV), HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) can contribute to disparities in population health, depending on the individual, social environmental factors characterizing a setting. To better understand place-based determinants patterns of these key interrelated public health problems Uganda, we compared risk for IPV, STI fishing, trading agrarian communities Rakai, Uganda by gender. This study used cross-sectional data collected from 14,464 active men (n =...
Daratumumab in combination with lenalidomide-dexamethasone (D-Rd) recently received FDA approval for the treatment of transplant-ineligible patients newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). The present PEGASUS study compared progression-free survival (PFS) treated D-Rd MAIA trial and common standard-of-care regimens from Flatiron Health electronic health record-derived deidentified database, which has data primarily at community-based oncology practices United States. Individual-level...
Inequities in both health status and coverage of services are considered important barriers to achieving Millennium Development Goal 4. Community-based promotion is a strategy that believed reduce inequities rural low-income settings. This paper examines the contributions community-based programming improving equity newborn three districts Malawi. study before-and-after evaluation Malawi's Community-Based Maternal Newborn Care (CBMNC) program, package facility interventions improve health....