A grid-forming inverter (GFI) is an important component for the operation of islanded microgrid. Its purpose, similar to a conventional slack bus generator, build up reference voltage other distributed generating units in Usually, nested-loop proportional plus integral (PI) control structure employed GFI dq frame. However, PI-based method has deteriorative performance under parameter variations. In this paper, novel strategy proposed system containing LC output filter and loads. The does not...

This paper studies a green paradigm for the underlay coexistence of primary users (PUs) and secondary (SUs) in energy harvesting cognitive radio networks (EH-CRNs), wherein battery-free SUs capture both spectrum PUs to enhance efficiency utilization. To lower transmit powers SUs, we employ multi-hop transmission with time division multiple access, by which first harvest from RF signals PUs, then, data allocated concurrently all licensed spectrum. In this way, available each SU mainly depends...

In this paper, a fully distributed hierarchical control strategy is proposed for operating networked gridsupporting inverters (GSIs) in islanded ac microgrids (MGs). The primary level implements frequency and voltage of an MG through cascaded structure, consisting droop loop, virtual impedance mixed H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /H xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> -based sliding-mode-control-based...

Traditionally, economic dispatch and demand response (DR) are considered separately, or implemented sequentially, which may degrade the energy efficiency of power grids. One important goal optimal management (OEM) is to maximize social welfare through coordination suppliers' generations customers' demands. Thus, it desirable consider interactive operation DR, solve them in an integrated way. This paper proposes a fully distributed online OEM solution for smart The proposed considers...

For a microgrid with high renewable energy penetration to work autonomously, it must maintain its own supply-demand balance of active power. Maximum peak power tracking algorithms, which emphasize utilization, may cause imbalance when the available generation is more than demanded, especially for autonomous microgrids. Currently, droop control one most popular decentralized methods sharing and reactive loads among distributed generators. However, conventional suffer from slow oscillating...

This letter studies the outage performance of multihop cognitive relay networks with energy harvesting in underlay paradigms, wherein secondary users are powered by a dedicated power beacon (PB) and their transmit powers subject to harvested from PB interference constraint primary user. We derive exact probability for Rayleigh block fading prove that is monotonically decreasing respect PB. Furthermore, we asymptotic study saturation phenomenon propose an iterative algorithm jointly optimizes...

Spectrum sensing is the prerequisite of opportunistic spectrum access in cognitive sensor networks (CSNs) as its reliability determines success transmission. However, an energy-consuming operation that needs to be minimized for CSNs due resource limitations. This paper considers case where sensors cooperatively sense a licensed channel by using CoMAC-based cooperative (CSS) scheme determine presence primary users. Energy efficiency (EE), defined ratio average throughput energy consumption,...

Spectral clustering (SC) has become one of the most widely-adopted algorithms, and been successfully applied into various applications. We in this work explore problem spectral a lifelong learning framework termed as <u>G</u> eneralized <u>L</u> ife <u>l</u> ong <u>S</u> pectral <u>C</u> lustering (GL <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^2$</tex-math></inline-formula> SC). Different from current studies, which concentrate on fixed task set cannot efficiently incorporate new task,...

Intelligent factory automation systems strongly rely on industrial wireless control networks which have to ensure timely and reliable data exchange among their components. This paper presents a comprehensive survey recently approved International Electrotechnical Commission standard Wireless for Industrial Automation-Factory Automation (WIA-FA). first introduces the system architecture of WIA-FA including network device, topology, management, then illustrates protocol stack key technologies....

Accurately estimating the state of equipment plays an important role in ensuring efficient operation Industrial 4.0 systems. This article focuses on monitoring operating and detecting faults beam pumping units under condition heavy noise within Internet Things. On one hand, system designed this uses acceleration sensor, signal which contains considerable that greatly reduces motion estimation accuracy. other complexity indicator diagrams makes it difficult to extract features, limits ability...

Multi-task learning (MTL) models have demonstrated impressive results in computer vision, natural language processing, and recommender systems. Even though many approaches been proposed, how well these balance different tasks on each parameter still remains unclear. In this paper, we propose to measure the task dominance degree of a by total updates parameter. Specifically, compute exponentially decaying Average squared Updates (AU) from corresponding task. Based novel metric, observe that...

Abstract Wireless process control has been a popular topic recently in the field of industrial control. In field, wireless technologies are considered despite lack an ideal standard. However, application development networks is slow due to Open standards foundation extensions. This paper first summarizes standardized for network and then introduces composition, topology, protocol stack architecture, some key WIA‐PA, which international specification automation. Furthermore, comparison...

The year of 2013 is considered the first smart city in China. With development informationization and urbanization China, diseases (traffic jam, medical problem unbalanced education) are more apparent. Smart key to solving these diseases. This paper presents overall China term market scale stages, technology standards, industry layout. claims that issues challenges facing proposes make polices support development.

Interactions between plants and microbes may promote the growth of regulate production secondary metabolites. Hemp ( Cannabis sativa ) is an annual herb important commercial crop. However, assembly network hemp-associated microbiomes inhabiting in soil plant compartments have not been comprehensively understood. This work investigated bacterial fungal communities living soils (bulk rhizosphere) (root, stem, leaf, flower) four hemp ecotypes cultivated same habitat. Microbiome was...

With the interdisciplinary advances of mobile communication and edge computing, massive heterogeneous tasks are accessing wireless networks competing for edge-end computing resources. Digital twin (DT), which establishes digital models physical objects simulation, analysis optimization, provides a promising method network scheduling management. This paper proposes DT-driven collaborative algorithm computing/communication Specifically, multiple end devices (EDs) cooperate with each other to...

A wireless network consisting of a large number small sensors with limited battery power can be an effective tool for gathering data in variety environments. Clustering into groups, so that communicate information only to cluster-heads and then the aggregated base station, may save energy. In this paper, we propose optimal energyadaptive clustering algorithm which is motivated from LEACH protocol presented [4]. We optimize LEACH's random cluster-head selection ensure balanced energy...

Improving both the stability and accuracy of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an issue in quantitative analysis. For certain environments outside laboratory, consistently exactly maintaining distance from optical system to sample surface difficult, fluctuations this severely affect spectrum. In work, principal components plasma images are extracted used correct spectral line intensities as auxiliary method reduce fluctuation. The presented image combined with univariate...

Continuous body temperature measurement (CBTM) is of great significance for human health state monitoring. To avoid interfering with users' daily activities, CBTM usually achieved using wearable noninvasive thermometers. Current thermometers employ steady-state models used in nonwearable thermometers; as a result, the reaction time long and can be disturbed by activities. However, there no work to solve these issues. In this paper, first, differences between are analyzed. Second,...

Incorporating cognitive radio in traditional wireless sensor networks creates a new Internet of Things paradigm, which is termed as (CRSNs). This paper proposes novel stability-aware cluster-based routing (SACR) protocol for CRSNs. The major innovation SACR lies the seamless integration opportunistic forwarding and stable clustered architecture. In aspect cluster formation, we propose to take into consideration spectrum dynamics energy consumption clustering process. resulting architecture...